Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis syndrome (ABRS)

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae) because these are the most common bacterial pathogens causing ABRS. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common, followed by Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. These bacteria are typically found in the upper respiratory tract and can cause infection when there is inflammation or blockage of the sinuses. The other choices are incorrect because they are not commonly associated with ABRS. Choice A includes bacteria commonly found in urinary tract infections. Choice B includes bacteria associated with hospital-acquired infections. Choice D includes bacteria that are more commonly associated with atypical pneumonia rather than sinus infections.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nausea and/or vomiting are common side effects of therapy. Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes. The side effects of liraglutide often include gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and vomiting. This side effect is commonly seen in patients initiating liraglutide therapy. Choices A and D are incorrect as liraglutide should not be stored in the refrigerator or freezer before use, and it is administered subcutaneously, not intramuscularly into the upper arm. Choice B is incorrect as Bydureon is a brand name for exenatide, not liraglutide.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oxygen via a nasal cannula 2L/minute. In hypercapneic COPD patients, supplemental oxygen helps reduce the respiratory drive, leading to decreased carbon dioxide levels. Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate are used for long-term maintenance in COPD and do not address acute hypercapnia. Albuterol nebulizer is used for bronchodilation and does not directly lower carbon dioxide levels. Oxygen therapy is the most appropriate immediate intervention to address acute hypercapnia in COPD patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Probiotics are recommended to be co-administered with antibiotics because antibiotics can disrupt the balance of good and bad bacteria in the gut, leading to digestive issues. Probiotics help restore the balance by introducing beneficial bacteria. Antibiotics do not affect the same mechanisms as antidiarrheals, antihistamines, or antihypertensives, so co-administration with probiotics is not necessary for these medications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the patient is exhibiting symptoms of an anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction, which is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction to the antibiotic. Tachycardia, lowered blood pressure, wheezing, and urticaria are classic signs of anaphylaxis. The patient's history of previously tolerating the antibiotic without issues suggests an acquired hypersensitivity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is unlikely as the patient has a history of taking the correct medication. Choice C (autoimmunity) does not fit the presentation of acute symptoms following antibiotic administration. Choice D is incorrect because the symptoms are consistent with an allergic reaction to the antibiotic.