ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
Activity of the body's enzymes is affected only by acidosis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Enzymes can be affected by various factors, not just acidosis. Enzyme activity can be influenced by pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration. Acidosis, which is a condition of increased acidity in the blood and body tissues, can certainly affect enzyme activity, but it is not the only factor. Therefore, stating that enzyme activity is affected only by acidosis is incorrect. Choices A, C, and D are not the correct answer because they do not accurately reflect the relationship between enzyme activity and acidosis.
Question 2 of 5
During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis, breathing becomes slower and shallower.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis, breathing actually becomes faster and deeper to expel excess carbon dioxide and increase blood pH. Slower and shallower breathing would exacerbate alkalosis by retaining more CO2. Choice A is incorrect because it contradicts the physiological response to metabolic alkalosis. Choices C and D are not applicable since they do not provide any useful information regarding the question.
Question 3 of 5
Respiratory alkalosis occurs as a consequence of hyperventilation because CO is blown off more quickly than it is produced, decreasing the amount of carbonic acid in the body fluids.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Hyperventilation leads to increased exhalation of CO2. 2. Reduced CO2 levels result in decreased carbonic acid formation. 3. The decrease in carbonic acid causes alkalosis. 4. Therefore, respiratory alkalosis occurs due to CO2 being removed faster than produced. Other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not provide a logical explanation for respiratory alkalosis.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has a massive burn injury and possible
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in a patient with a massive burn injury, the most concerning assessment data would be related to the extent and depth of the burns, the presence of airway compromise, and signs of infection or sepsis. These factors can significantly impact the patient's prognosis and require immediate intervention. Choice B is not the most concerning as urine output of 30 mL/hr may be expected in a burn patient due to fluid shifts and decreased perfusion. Choice C indicates hypotension, which is concerning but not as immediate as assessing the extent and severity of the burns. Choice D, while indicating inadequate fluid intake, is not the most critical assessment in this scenario compared to evaluating the burn injury itself and potential complications. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it focuses on the most critical aspect of care for a patient with a massive burn injury.
Question 5 of 5
A patient who was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis has rapid, deep respirations. Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action is to start the prescribed PRN oxygen at 2 to 4 L/min. In diabetic ketoacidosis, rapid, deep respirations are a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis. Administering oxygen helps improve oxygenation and reduces the work of breathing. Encouraging deep slow breaths (choice B) may worsen the patient's condition by interfering with the compensatory mechanism. Giving lorazepam (choice A) is unnecessary and could potentially depress the respiratory drive. Administering fluid bolus and insulin (choice D) are essential treatments for diabetic ketoacidosis, but addressing the respiratory distress with oxygen takes priority in this scenario.