ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Study Guide Questions
Question 1 of 5
Action of antiemetic drugs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antiemetic drugs are medications used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting. Therefore, the main action of antiemetic drugs is to prevent vomiting, making option E the correct answer. Antiemetic drugs work by reducing or blocking the signals to the vomiting center in the brain, thus helping to alleviate the symptoms of nausea and prevent vomiting.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a postoperative patient. The nurse will anticipate administering which medication to this patient to help prevent thrombus formation caused by slow venous blood flow?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is commonly administered to postoperative patients to help prevent thrombus formation caused by slow venous blood flow. LMWH works by inhibiting the activity of certain clotting factors, ultimately preventing the formation of blood clots. As a result, it is often used in the prevention and treatment of conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in surgical patients. LMWH is preferred over traditional heparin due to its longer half-life, allowing for once or twice daily dosing, and reduced risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is working with a patient who is taking an adrenergic blocking agent. While assessing the patient’s medication history, the nurse discovers that the patient takes several alternative therapies. What herb is the nurse concerned may interact with the adrenergic blocking agent and affect the patient’s blood glucose level?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Di huang is an alternative therapy that can lower blood glucose when used in combination with adrenergic blocking agents. Ginseng increases antihypertensive effects; nightshade slows the heart rate; and saw palmetto increases the risk of urinary tract complications when used in combination with adrenergic blocking agents. The nurse should educate the patient about potential interactions and monitor blood glucose levels closely.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is receiving fluid replacement. The nurse's health teaching with this patient includes which suggestions? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring weight daily (A) helps assess fluid balance, as sudden changes may indicate fluid retention or loss. Thirst (B) is an early sign of mild dehydration. Monitoring intake and output (C) is essential to evaluate fluid status. Avoiding calcium and chloride supplements (D) is not relevant to fluid replacement. Reviewing electrolyte labs (E) is important but not part of routine health teaching for fluid replacement.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer an injection to a preschool-age child. Which approaches are appropriate for this age group? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Preschool-age children benefit from brief, concrete explanations about medical procedures, as they have limited understanding of abstract concepts. Encouraging participation, such as allowing the child to choose a bandage or hold a toy, can reduce anxiety and increase cooperation. Providing comfort measures, such as praise or a small reward, after the injection helps reinforce positive behavior. While magical thinking is characteristic of this age group, it is not an appropriate strategy for explaining medical procedures. Therefore, the nurse should focus on concrete explanations, participation, and comfort measures.