ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Study Guide Questions
Question 1 of 5
Action of antiemetic drugs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antiemetic drugs are medications used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting. Therefore, the main action of antiemetic drugs is to prevent vomiting, making option E the correct answer. Antiemetic drugs work by reducing or blocking the signals to the vomiting center in the brain, thus helping to alleviate the symptoms of nausea and prevent vomiting.
Question 2 of 5
The systemic bioavailability of the following oral drugs is increased if taken in the fasting state:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oxytetracycline's bioavailability increases in the fasting state as food, particularly calcium, can bind the drug and reduce its absorption.
Question 3 of 5
What is the expected outcome for Valproate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Valproate is an anticonvulsant medication commonly used to treat seizure disorders such as epilepsy. It works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain, which helps to reduce the occurrence of seizures. Therefore, the expected outcome of Valproate treatment is a decrease in seizure activity and an improvement in seizure control.
Question 4 of 5
Intravenous (IV) therapy is ordered for a patient with a serum sodium of 150 mEq/L. Which of the following does the nurse anticipate administering?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a patient with a high serum sodium level (hypernatremia), the goal of treatment is to gradually decrease the sodium concentration in the body to prevent complications. Isotonic solutions (0.9% NS or LR) can worsen hypernatremia because they have a higher sodium concentration than the patient's current serum sodium level. Hypotonic solutions, such as 0.45% NS, are typically used to treat hypernatremia because they have a lower sodium concentration than the patient's serum sodium, which helps dilute the sodium in the body and lower the serum sodium level back to a normal range. Therefore, in this case, the nurse would anticipate administering 0.45% NS to the patient with a serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is hypokalemic and will be receiving IV potassium. The patient is not on a heart monitor. How should the nurse administer the potassium replacement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When administering IV potassium replacement to a hypokalemic patient who is not on a heart monitor, it is crucial to prevent rapid infusion that may lead to dangerous cardiac complications such as arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. The general guideline is to administer no more than 20 mEq/hour of potassium when the patient is not on continuous cardiac monitoring. This rate allows the body to tolerate the infusion more safely and reduces the risk of serious adverse effects. It is essential for the nurse to closely monitor the patient's response to the potassium replacement and adjust the rate if necessary based on the patient's condition and any signs of potassium-related complications.