ATI RN
Immune System Test Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Acquired immunity is a result of previous exposure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: to vaccination. Acquired immunity is the immune response developed after exposure to a vaccine, which stimulates the immune system to recognize and remember specific pathogens. Vaccination helps the body build immunity without causing serious illness like choice A, without requiring repeated exposure like choice C, and without being related to treatment with penicillin like choice D. Vaccination mimics natural infection, prompting the body to produce memory cells that can respond more effectively when encountering the actual pathogen in the future.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following early contributors to the development of immunology is paired up properly with his or her accomplishment?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: Robert Koch is correctly paired with developing techniques to grow pure bacterial cultures. Koch's work laid the foundation for bacteriology and allowed for the isolation and identification of specific disease-causing bacteria. This technique, known as Koch's postulates, revolutionized the field of microbiology by linking specific pathogens to specific diseases. Summary: A: Louis Pasteur - Incorrect. While Pasteur is known for his work in vaccination and pasteurization, the provided accomplishment is associated with Edward Jenner, not Pasteur. B: Paul Ehrlich - Incorrect. Ehrlich is known for his work on immunology and coined the term "magic bullet," but he did not identify lymphocytes as cells mediating adaptive immunity. C: MacFarlane Burnet - Incorrect. Burnet is known for his clonal selection theory, not the side-chain theory of antibodies as described in the choice.
Question 3 of 5
A protein-protein interaction domain present both in TLR-4 and MyD88 is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: TIR. This is because both TLR-4 and MyD88 contain a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain, which mediates protein-protein interactions in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The other options, such as A (CARD), C (LRR), and D (Immunoglobulin-like domain), are not present in both TLR-4 and MyD88 and do not play a significant role in their interaction in the signaling pathway. This makes B the most appropriate choice as it accurately identifies the common protein-protein interaction domain between TLR-4 and MyD88.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following molecules can function both as complement initiators and as opsonins?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, All of the above. C3b, C-reactive protein, and MBL can all function as complement initiators and opsonins. C3b is a key complement protein involved in both processes. C-reactive protein can activate complement and enhance phagocytosis. MBL can also activate complement and enhance phagocytosis by binding to pathogens. All choices can serve as both initiators of the complement cascade and as opsonins, making D the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
The rearrangement of gene segments that occurs randomly in B cell receptor genes and T cell receptor genes:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Gene rearrangement in B cell and T cell receptor genes creates unique receptor proteins. Step 2: This diversity allows mature lymphocytes to recognize a wide range of antigens. Step 3: This process is crucial for adaptive immune response and antigen specificity. Step 4: Choices A and B do not accurately describe gene rearrangement. Step 5: Choice D is incorrect as gene rearrangement is specific to lymphocytes, not all cells in the body.