Acquired causes of gastric outlet obstruction include all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) eosinophilic gastritis as it is not an acquired cause of gastric outlet obstruction. Eosinophilic gastritis is a condition characterized by an increased number of eosinophils in the stomach lining, leading to inflammation, but it does not typically result in gastric outlet obstruction. A) Cystic fibrosis is an acquired cause of gastric outlet obstruction due to the thickening of secretions that can block the outlet. B) Epidermolysis bullosa can lead to esophageal strictures and subsequent gastric outlet obstruction due to scarring in the esophagus. C) Prostaglandin E infusions can cause gastric outlet obstruction by inducing smooth muscle relaxation in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to a functional obstruction. In an educational context, understanding the various acquired causes of gastric outlet obstruction is crucial for pediatric gastrointestinal nursing interventions. Recognizing the differences between conditions like cystic fibrosis, epidermolysis bullosa, and the effects of prostaglandin E infusions can aid nurses in providing appropriate care and interventions for pediatric patients with these conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer to the question is B) Crohn disease carries a higher risk of malignancy than does ulcerative colitis. This is because Crohn's disease, a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is associated with a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer compared to ulcerative colitis. This is due to the fact that Crohn's disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to a higher likelihood of complications such as strictures and fistulas, which can increase the risk of malignancy. Option A is incorrect because there is indeed a genetic component to IBD, and having a family member with IBD increases the risk of developing the disease. Option C is incorrect as both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are types of IBD that can run in families, so it is possible for both diseases to be present in the same family. Option D is incorrect as there is no known association between IBD and glycogen storage disease type 1b. It is important for nurses caring for pediatric patients with gastrointestinal conditions to understand the differences between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, as this knowledge guides appropriate nursing interventions and helps in providing comprehensive care to these patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric gastrointestinal nursing, understanding the complications of appendicitis is crucial for providing effective care. The correct answer, A) male sterility, is not a known complication of appendicitis. Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, which if left untreated, can lead to serious complications. Option B) hepatic abscess is incorrect as appendicitis typically does not lead to abscess formation in the liver. Option C) peritonitis is a common complication of appendicitis, where the inflammation spreads to the peritoneum causing severe abdominal pain and sepsis. Option D) intestinal obstruction can occur if the inflamed appendix causes a blockage in the intestines. Educationally, knowing these complications is vital for nurses to recognize early signs of deterioration in a pediatric patient with appendicitis. Male sterility not being a complication highlights the importance of distinguishing between common and uncommon complications to provide accurate and efficient care. This rationale helps nurses in prioritizing care and anticipating potential complications in pediatric patients with appendicitis, enhancing patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a 12-year-old presenting with facial swelling without tenderness or erythema in the maxillary area, the most common cause is an abscessed tooth (Option B). This is due to the proximity of dental structures to the facial soft tissues. Dental abscesses can cause localized swelling as a result of infection spreading into the surrounding tissues. Option A, localized trauma, would typically present with a history of injury and visible signs of trauma. Option C, a bee sting, would likely have associated pain, redness, and a history of exposure to a bee. Option D, Haemophilus influenzae type b, is more commonly associated with systemic symptoms such as fever and malaise rather than isolated facial swelling. In pediatric gastrointestinal nursing, understanding common causes of facial swelling in children is crucial for accurate assessment and intervention. Knowing the distinguishing features of various etiologies helps in appropriate triaging, management, and referral to the appropriate healthcare provider for further evaluation and treatment. Identifying dental issues promptly can prevent complications and alleviate the child's discomfort.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric gastrointestinal nursing, understanding anorectal defects is crucial for providing appropriate care. The correct answer, option D) imperforate anus without a fistula, is the most frequently encountered anorectal defect in male patients. This condition involves the rectum ending in a blind pouch without a connection to the anus. Option A) perineal fistula is a less common defect where the rectum opens to the skin near the anus. Option B) rectourethral fistula involves an abnormal connection between the rectum and the urethra, more commonly seen in male patients with a different presentation. Option C) rectum-bladder neck fistula is also less common and involves a connection between the rectum and the bladder neck. Educationally, understanding these anorectal defects is vital for pediatric nurses to recognize symptoms, provide appropriate interventions, and educate families. Knowing the most frequent presentations in male patients helps in early identification and prompt management, ultimately improving patient outcomes.