ATI RN
Varneys Midwifery Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Achalasia is a risk factor for
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Achalasia is a motility disorder characterized by the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, resulting in difficulty swallowing and impaired movement of food from the esophagus into the stomach. Patients with achalasia have an increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. This risk is due to chronic inflammation, stasis of food in the esophagus, and increased exposure of esophageal mucosa to irritants, all of which can contribute to the development of cancer over time. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Choice B) is less likely to be associated with achalasia because the impaired esophageal motility in achalasia results in decreased, rather than increased, reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Esophageal atrophy (Choice C) and malabsorption syndromes (Choice D) are not directly related to achalasia.
Question 2 of 5
Jake is a 32-year-old patient who is recovering from major abdominal surgery and organ resection following a catastrophic motor vehicle accident. Due to the nature of his injuries, a large portion of his jejunum had to be resected. In planning for his recovery and nutritional needs, the AGACNP considers that
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The jejunum is the primary site for absorption of nutrients, including vitamin B12. Resection of a large portion of the jejunum can lead to malabsorption of vitamin B12, as this nutrient is primarily absorbed in the distal ileum but also partially absorbed in the jejunum. Thus, Jake is at significant risk for B12 absorption problems following his surgery, and close monitoring and potential supplementation may be needed to address this issue.
Question 3 of 5
P. T. is a 58-year-old female who is admitted with chest pain and shortness of breath and is found to have a large pulmonary embolus. Her systolic blood pressure is falling, and a diagnosis of obstructive shock is made. Cardiac pressure would likely demonstrate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Obstructive shock, such as in this case of a large pulmonary embolus causing obstructive shock, results in a sudden increase in right ventricular afterload due to obstruction of blood flow. This leads to right heart failure and decreased left ventricular preload, ultimately resulting in decreased cardiac output. The elevated right-sided pressures will be reflected by elevated right atrial and ventricular pressures, while the left ventricular pressures will be decreased due to decreased preload. This commonly leads to a situation known as acute cor pulmonale, where the right heart becomes dilated and dysfunctional in response to the increased afterload.
Question 4 of 5
With respect to tumor nomenclature, the AGACNP knows that the term carcinoma describes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The term "carcinoma" specifically refers to malignant neoplasms that arise from epithelial cells. Epithelial cells are the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. Carcinomas account for the majority of all cancers and can occur in various organs such as the skin, lungs, breasts, colon, and prostate, among others. Carcinomas are characterized by their ability to invade surrounding tissues and potentially metastasize to distant sites in the body. Therefore, option D is the correct choice when describing what the term "carcinoma" signifies in tumor nomenclature.
Question 5 of 5
The AGACNP is going over preoperative information and instructions with a patient who is having a major transverse abdominal procedure tomorrow morning. The patient is very nervous and is asking a lot of questions. The AGACNP prescribes a sleeping agent because he knows that anxiety and sleeplessness may
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anxiety and sleeplessness can contribute to the risk of delirium and prolonged length of stay for the patient undergoing a major transverse abdominal procedure. Delirium is a common complication seen in patients who are anxious and sleep-deprived, especially postoperatively. It is important to address these issues preoperatively to help prevent delirium and ensure a smoother recovery process for the patient. By prescribing a sleeping agent, the AGACNP aims to reduce anxiety and promote a good night's sleep, which can ultimately decrease the risk of delirium and lead to better outcomes for the patient.