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FHEA Drugs That Affect the Cardiovascular System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Acetazolamide (Diamox) acts at this nephron site:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acetazolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the proximal convoluted tubule, leading to decreased bicarbonate reabsorption and subsequent diuresis. This mechanism occurs at the site of action for the drug, making choice A the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because acetazolamide does not act directly at these sites within the nephron.
Question 2 of 5
Tick the drug used for trichomoniasis treatment:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for trichomoniasis due to its efficacy against the parasite. 2. Metronidazole works by disrupting the DNA structure of the parasite, leading to its death. 3. Suramin is used for African sleeping sickness, not trichomoniasis. 4. Pyrimethamine is used for malaria, not trichomoniasis. 5. Tetracycline is used for bacterial infections, not trichomoniasis. Summary: Metronidazole is the correct choice for trichomoniasis treatment due to its specific mechanism of action against the parasite. Suramin, pyrimethamine, and tetracycline are used for different infections and are not effective for trichomoniasis.
Question 3 of 5
Tick the unwanted effects of indinavir:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Indinavir is a protease inhibitor used to treat HIV. 2. Nephrolithiasis is a known side effect due to indinavir crystal formation in kidneys. 3. Nausea is a common gastrointestinal side effect. 4. Hepatotoxicity is a serious unwanted effect due to liver damage. 5. Hypotension, vomiting, dizziness (Option A) are not associated with indinavir. 6. Peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, hyperuricemia (Option C) are not typical side effects of indinavir. 7. Anemia, neutropenia, nausea (Option D) are not specific to indinavir. Summary: - Option B is correct as nephrolithiasis and hepatotoxicity are known side effects of indinavir. - Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they include side effects not typically associated with indinavir.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following would be the most plausible explanation of the patient's symptoms?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amiodarone-induced increase in digoxin plasma levels. Amiodarone inhibits digoxin clearance, leading to increased digoxin levels, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and arrhythmias. The other choices are less likely as captopril is not typically associated with hyperkalemia, amiodarone does not commonly affect atrioventricular conduction, and furosemide-induced diuresis would not explain the symptoms mentioned.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following molecular actions most likely mediated the therapeutic effect of acetazolamide in this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibition of carbonic acid dehydration in the tubular lumen. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that works in the proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney to reduce bicarbonate reabsorption. By inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, it prevents the conversion of carbonic acid to bicarbonate and H+, leading to increased excretion of bicarbonate in the urine. This results in a systemic metabolic acidosis and a diuretic effect. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because acetazolamide does not directly stimulate bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubule, inhibit Na+ reabsorption in the early distal tubule, or stimulate H+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule. The primary mechanism of action of acetazolamide is through carbonic anhydrase inhibition, leading to its therapeutic effects.