According to Peplau, treatment of client symptoms should involve which nursing action?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: According to Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations, the foundation of effective nursing care is the establishment of a therapeutic nurse-client relationship. This relationship is essential for addressing client symptoms because it provides a supportive and trusting environment for the client to open up, express their feelings, and work collaboratively with the nurse towards healing and resolution. By establishing a therapeutic relationship based on empathy, trust, and understanding, the nurse can better assess the client's needs, provide appropriate care, and assist the client in managing their symptoms effectively. This approach also enhances communication, promotes client engagement in their own care, and fosters a sense of empowerment and well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Psychoimmunology is the study of the interactions between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems. In this case, the client's diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, which is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, following the traumatic loss of her husband and children suggests a potential connection between her emotional state and physical health. Research in psychoimmunology has shown that prolonged stress or traumatic events can have a negative impact on the immune system, leading to an increased susceptibility to various health issues, such as autoimmune diseases like ulcerative colitis. Thus, the situation described aligns with the principles and findings of psychoimmunology.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The best rationale for the therapist's advice is that the client is susceptible to illness due to the effects of stress on the immune system. Grief and emotional pain can have a significant impact on physical health by weakening the immune system, making the individual more vulnerable to illnesses. By emphasizing the importance of proper sleep, nutrition, and exercise, the therapist is aiming to support the client's physical well-being during a challenging period. This holistic approach addresses the interconnectedness of mental and physical health, promoting resilience and coping mechanisms amidst the stress of loss. It also helps the client to manage their emotions and cope with grief more effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating mood. Decreased levels of norepinephrine have been linked to depression. Norepinephrine is involved in the body's stress response, affecting mood, emotion, and cognition. In depression, low levels of norepinephrine can contribute to symptoms such as sadness, loss of interest in activities, and feelings of hopelessness. Therefore, a decrease in norepinephrine levels would play a significant role in depression rather than mania, schizophrenia, or anxiety, as these conditions may involve alterations in other neurotransmitters.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Delta rhythm is characterized by slow, high-amplitude brain waves that occur during the deepest stage of non-REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. This stage is known as stage 3 or slow-wave sleep, which is considered the most restorative and restful stage of sleep. Delta rhythm is typically associated with the maintenance of body functions, growth, and repair processes that occur during deep sleep. In the context of a sleep study, the presence of delta rhythm indicates that the individual is experiencing deep, restorative sleep, which is essential for overall health and well-being.