ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drug Safety Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
According to Himmelstein, the social locus of cannabis use in the 1920s and 1930s in the United States was:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chinese immigrants working on the transcontinental railroad. Himmelstein's research shows that during the 1920s and 1930s, cannabis use was primarily associated with Chinese immigrants who brought the practice to the United States. This is supported by historical records and cultural contexts of the time. The other choices are incorrect because white middle-class youth and Harry Anslinger were not the primary social locus for cannabis use during that period. White middle-class youth were not typically associated with cannabis use at that time, and Harry Anslinger, while influential in shaping drug policies, was not the main social group using cannabis in the 1920s and 1930s.
Question 2 of 5
A client asks the nurse, 'My wife has breast cancer. Could it be caused by too much stress?' The nurse responds with the knowledge that:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: C is correct because stress does cause the release of factors like cortisol that suppress the immune system, potentially contributing to the development or progression of diseases like cancer. A is incorrect as stress doesn't directly cause all types of cancer. B is incorrect as research supports the link between stress and disease. D is incorrect as stress can impact the body's health.
Question 3 of 5
A patient who started taking orlistat (Xenical) 1 month ago calls the clinic to report some 'embarrassing' adverse effects. She tells the nurse that she has had episodes of 'not being able to control my bowel movements.' Which statement is true about this situation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because orlistat works by inhibiting fat absorption. If the patient consumes high-fat meals, it can lead to increased gastrointestinal side effects like fecal incontinence. Therefore, restricting fat intake to less than 30% can help reduce these adverse effects without compromising the drug's efficacy. Choice A is incorrect because these adverse effects are not expected to diminish on their own. Choice B is incorrect as stopping the drug abruptly may not be necessary; rather, adjusting fat intake is a better approach. Choice C is incorrect as increasing fat intake would worsen the gastrointestinal side effects.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is taking digoxin (Lanoxin) and a loop diuretic daily. When the nurse enters the room with the morning medications, the patient states, 'I am seeing a funny yellow color around the lights.' What is the nurse’s next action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Recognize the patient's complaint of seeing a yellow color as a common symptom of digoxin toxicity. Step 2: Assess the patient for other symptoms of digoxin toxicity, such as nausea, vomiting, confusion, or vision changes. Step 3: Hold the digoxin dose and notify the healthcare provider if digoxin toxicity is suspected. Step 4: Monitor the patient closely for any worsening symptoms. Step 5: Document the assessment findings and actions taken. Summary of other choices: B: Withholding the diuretic does not address the potential digoxin toxicity. C: Administering both medications together could worsen the toxicity. D: Delaying action could lead to serious consequences of digoxin toxicity.
Question 5 of 5
When reviewing the mechanisms of action of diuretics, the nurse knows that which statement is true about loop diuretics?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Loop diuretics have a rapid onset of action and cause rapid diuresis. Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, act on the ascending loop of Henle in the kidney to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption, leading to increased urine output. This mechanism results in a quick onset of action, typically within 30 minutes of administration, and a rapid diuretic effect. Choice A is incorrect because loop diuretics do not inhibit aldosterone; they primarily target sodium reabsorption. Choice B is incorrect as the duration of diuretic effect varies but is generally shorter than 6 hours. Choice D is incorrect as loop diuretics can still be effective even with reduced creatinine clearance levels.