According to developmental theories, which event is essential to toddler development?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The mastery of toilet training is considered a key developmental milestone during the toddler period.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Thymectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the thymus gland. The thymus is a key component of the immune system and is believed to play a role in the development of myasthenia gravis (MG). In some cases, particularly in younger patients with early onset MG or with thymoma (a tumor of the thymus), thymectomy can lead to substantial remission of MG symptoms or even a cure. By removing the thymus gland, the abnormal immune response in MG may be reduced, resulting in improved muscle strength and decreased symptoms. It is worth noting that thymectomy is not always indicated for all patients with MG and should be considered on a case-by-case basis in consultation with a healthcare provider specialized in neuromuscular diseases.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Infants with gastroschisis are more likely to have a history of prematurity compared to those with omphalocele, though neither condition is strongly associated with congenital heart disease or imperforate anus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: After the introduction of the Back to Sleep campaign in 1992, which encouraged placing infants on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), an increased incidence has been noted of Torticollis (B) and Plagiocephaly (E).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Toilet training typically takes around 6 months, though this varies from child to child.