About Kawasaki disease which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Kawasaki disease can cause coronary aneurysms. Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis that primarily affects children under the age of 5. One of the most serious complications of Kawasaki disease is the development of coronary artery aneurysms, which can lead to long-term cardiovascular issues, such as myocardial infarction or sudden death. Early recognition and treatment of Kawasaki disease are crucial to prevent these complications. Option B is incorrect because Kawasaki disease is characterized by a fever persisting for at least five days, not three days. The fever is usually accompanied by other symptoms like rash, conjunctivitis, swollen hands and feet, and swollen lymph nodes. Option C is incorrect because Kawasaki disease is associated with non-exudative conjunctivitis, not bilateral exudative conjunctivitis. The eyes may appear red without discharge in Kawasaki disease. Option D is incorrect because the most severe cases of Kawasaki disease actually occur in children under the age of one year. Infants with Kawasaki disease tend to have a higher risk of developing coronary artery abnormalities. Educational Context: Understanding Kawasaki disease is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, who may encounter pediatric patients with this condition. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease, as well as its potential complications like coronary artery aneurysms, is essential for early intervention and prevention of long-term cardiac issues. Nurses play a key role in monitoring and advocating for pediatric patients with Kawasaki disease to ensure they receive appropriate care and follow-up.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In infection prevention and control, wearing appropriate gloves when handling items soiled with bodily fluids is crucial to prevent the spread of pathogens. The correct answer, option C) Polythene, is not suitable for this purpose because polythene gloves are not designed to provide adequate barrier protection against bodily fluids. Option A) Latex gloves are commonly used for infection prevention due to their flexibility, elasticity, and barrier properties. However, some individuals may have latex allergies, so alternative glove materials should be available. Option B) Neoprene gloves are another suitable option for handling items soiled with bodily fluids. Neoprene is a synthetic material that provides good chemical resistance and durability, making it appropriate for infection control measures. Option D) Woolen gloves are not suitable for handling items soiled with bodily fluids because wool is permeable and can absorb fluids, increasing the risk of contamination and transmission of pathogens. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate selection of gloves for infection prevention is essential for healthcare professionals to safeguard both themselves and their patients from the spread of infections. It is vital to consider not only the comfort and dexterity of gloves but also their barrier properties and suitability for specific tasks to maintain a safe healthcare environment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) Cell-mediated immunity is controlled by T lymphocytes. T lymphocytes, also known as T cells, play a crucial role in cell-mediated immunity. They directly attack infected or abnormal cells in the body. This response is essential in fighting intracellular pathogens like viruses. T cells also help activate other immune cells and regulate the immune response. Option A) B lymphocytes secrete antibodies. While this statement is true, it describes the function of B cells in humoral immunity, not cell-mediated immunity. Option B) Vaccines provide passive immunity. This statement is incorrect because vaccines actually provide active immunity by stimulating the body to produce antibodies or activate T cells, leading to an immune response upon exposure to a specific pathogen. Option C) B cells stimulate T cells to produce antibodies. This statement is partially correct as B cells can present antigens to T cells, but it is the T cells that directly produce antibodies in response to antigen presentation. Educationally, understanding the different roles of B and T lymphocytes in the immune system is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in infection prevention and control. Knowing how each type of lymphocyte functions helps in understanding the body's defense mechanisms and designing effective strategies for preventing and managing infections.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of infection prevention and control, administering immunizations is a crucial aspect of safeguarding public health. The correct answer, A) Confirm the person still gives their consent, is essential because it upholds the principles of patient autonomy and informed decision-making. Before administering any medical intervention, including immunizations, healthcare providers must ensure that the individual consents to the procedure. This process respects the individual's right to make choices about their healthcare. Option B) Ensure the person bringing a child for immunization has parental responsibility for the child is incorrect because while it is important to verify the identity of the person bringing a child for immunization, parental responsibility does not necessarily equate to consent for the specific procedure. Option C) Obtain the consent in writing and D) Ensure consent is documented in the patient's records are also incorrect because while documentation of consent is important for legal and accountability purposes, the act of obtaining informed consent is a verbal process that involves ensuring the individual understands the procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives before agreeing to it. In an educational context, understanding the principles of informed consent and autonomy is essential for healthcare providers to deliver safe and patient-centered care. By emphasizing the importance of confirming consent before administering immunizations, students can learn the ethical and legal considerations that underpin healthcare practice and the promotion of patient rights. This knowledge is fundamental for aspiring healthcare professionals to uphold ethical standards and deliver quality care in the field of infection prevention and control.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Patient Group Directions (PGDs) are crucial in healthcare settings to ensure safe and effective medication administration to groups of patients who are not individually identified before presentation. Option D, stating that PGDs are legally required to be reviewed at least every 2 years, is the correct answer. This is essential to ensure that the information and instructions provided in the PGDs are up to date, accurate, and comply with current regulations and best practices. Option A, stating that PGDs can be used to administer an unlicensed vaccine, is incorrect. PGDs are designed for the supply or administration of licensed medicines only, not unlicensed ones. Using PGDs for unlicensed vaccines would pose significant risks to patient safety and legal compliance. Option B, suggesting that PGDs should state that a Black Triangle medicine is being used, is also incorrect. While Black Triangle medicines are those that are under additional monitoring by regulatory authorities, this information is not a requirement within a PGD. PGDs primarily focus on clear, concise instructions for the safe administration of medicines to groups of patients. Option C, stating that PGDs are verbal instructions, is partially correct but incomplete. PGDs include both written and verbal instructions for the supply or administration of medicines to a group of patients. Verbal instructions alone may not provide the necessary detail and clarity required for safe medication administration. In an educational context, understanding the importance of PGDs in infection prevention and control is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those involved in medication administration. By adhering to legal requirements, reviewing PGDs regularly, and ensuring accurate and updated information, healthcare providers can enhance patient safety and prevent medication errors in clinical practice.