A young woman is giving her menstrual history to the nurse. She is concerned about a short-lived pain that sometimes occurs on either the right or left side of her lower abdomen about 2 weeks before her period is due to begin. What is the nurse’s best response?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "This pain is probably related to ovulation and is not uncommon." This response is the best because the pain described by the young woman aligns with symptoms of ovulation pain, known as mittelschmerz. This type of pain typically occurs around the time of ovulation and is considered normal. It is a common experience for many women and does not usually indicate any underlying health issues. Choice B is incorrect because abnormal hormone levels are not typically the cause of ovulation pain. Choice C is incorrect as dismissing the woman's concerns without providing reassurance or information is not appropriate. Choice D is incorrect as there is no indication from the history provided that there is a structural abnormality that needs further assessment. In summary, the correct response acknowledges the normalcy of the pain experienced by the young woman and provides reassurance based on the symptoms described.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because determining if the pain is associated with bowel movements or urination can help identify potential causes such as gastrointestinal or genitourinary issues. This information can guide further assessment and treatment. Choice B is incorrect as unexplained weight loss is not directly related to pelvic pain assessment. Choice C is incorrect as asking about pain relief medication does not address the underlying cause of the pelvic pain. Choice D is incorrect as the number of sexual partners is not the most relevant question when assessing pelvic pain unless specific symptoms suggest a sexually transmitted infection.

Correct Answer: A,B,D

Rationale: The correct answer includes endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and uterine polyps due to their association with chronic pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding. Endometriosis causes inflammation and scarring, leading to pain and abnormal bleeding. Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause pain and heavy periods. Uterine polyps are overgrowths of the endometrial lining that can result in heavy bleeding. Ovarian cysts, although they can cause pelvic pain, are not typically associated with heavy menstrual bleeding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: warm compress. Warm compress helps to promote drainage and relieve pain in Bartholin's cyst. It helps to soften the cyst and facilitate its resolution. Topical antibiotics (choice A) are not typically effective as the cyst is a closed sac. Cold packs (choice C) may worsen symptoms by constricting blood vessels. Topical steroids (choice D) are not indicated for Bartholin's cyst treatment as they do not address the underlying cause.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fallopian tube. Cilia are hair-like structures that line the fallopian tube to help move the egg from the ovary to the uterus. This movement is crucial for fertilization to occur. The other choices, A, B, and D, are incorrect because cilia are not typically abundant in the urinary tract, intestinal tract, or male reproductive ducts, respectively. These regions do not require the same kind of movement facilitated by cilia in the fallopian tube.