A young couple is deciding if they should get married and start a family. Which of Erikson’s life stages are they experiencing?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the young couple considering marriage and starting a family is experiencing Erikson's stage of "Intimacy vs. isolation." This stage typically occurs during young adulthood, where individuals seek intimate relationships and develop connections with others. Choosing to commit to a partner and potentially starting a family involves the deep emotional connection and commitment that characterize the intimacy stage. Option A, "Identity vs. role confusion," is more focused on adolescence, where individuals explore their identities and struggle with defining who they are. This stage is about self-discovery rather than forming intimate relationships. Option C, "Generativity vs. stagnation," relates to middle adulthood where individuals focus on contributing to society and future generations. While starting a family may involve elements of generativity, the primary focus of this stage is different from the immediate intimacy concerns of the young couple. Option D, "Ego integrity vs. despair," is associated with later adulthood when individuals reflect on their lives and achievements. This stage is concerned with looking back on one's life with a sense of fulfillment or regret, which is not the primary focus of the young couple's current situation. Understanding Erikson's stages of psychosocial development is crucial in recognizing the different challenges and tasks individuals face at various life stages. By applying this knowledge, educators can help individuals navigate these stages successfully and make informed decisions about their relationships and life choices.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Use caution around the family swimming pool. This advice is crucial for the family with 2-year-old twins as drowning is a leading cause of accidental death in young children. Providing guidance on pool safety, such as constant supervision, securing pool barriers, and teaching water safety, is essential for injury prevention. Option A) Wear bicycle helmets for safety is important advice for older children engaging in biking activities but is not directly relevant to the age group of 2-year-old twins. Option C) Cross the street using the crosswalks is important advice for pedestrian safety but may not be as pressing for the family with 2-year-old twins who are more likely to be in the care of their parents or guardians when crossing the street. Option D) Advocate for the day care to provide adequate socialization is important for child development but does not directly address the immediate safety concerns of the 2-year-old twins. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of tailoring health promotion advice to the specific needs and risks associated with different age groups, emphasizing the role of nurses in providing targeted and evidence-based guidance to support families in promoting a safe and healthy environment for their children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Allows for health promotion and disease prevention appraisal. When admitting a patient following a CABG procedure, the primary focus of the home health nurse is to assess the patient's current health status, identify risk factors for future cardiovascular events, and develop a plan to promote health and prevent further complications. This includes monitoring vital signs, assessing wound healing, evaluating medication adherence, providing education on lifestyle modifications, and ensuring proper follow-up care. Option A) Allows for inclusion of family members in decision-making is incorrect because while family involvement is crucial in the patient's care, it is not the primary purpose of admitting the patient following a CABG. Option C) Allows for development of patient-centered care is also incorrect as patient-centered care is important, but in this specific context, the immediate focus is on health promotion and disease prevention. Option D) Allows for data collection necessary for comparison to Healthy People 2020 is incorrect as the main goal of admitting the patient is to provide direct care and support, rather than collecting data for population health comparisons. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the correct answer emphasizes the importance of comprehensive assessment, individualized care planning, and proactive health promotion strategies in postoperative cardiac care. It underscores the role of nurses in promoting positive health outcomes and preventing complications in patients following CABG surgery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Subsystem of a community. When the nurse is interviewing members of a substance abuse unit at a local VA hospital, they are assessing a specific subset or subsystem within the larger community. This subsystem refers to a distinct group within the community that shares common characteristics or experiences, such as substance abuse issues among veterans in this case. Option A) Structure of a community typically refers to the overall organization or layout of a community, including physical infrastructure and institutions, which is not the focus of the nurse's assessment in this context. Option C) Supra system of a community usually pertains to larger systems that encompass multiple communities or levels above the specific community being assessed, which is beyond the scope of the nurse's current assessment. Option D) Interaction of a community involves the relationships and connections between different parts of a community, rather than focusing on a specific subset or subgroup within the community like the substance abuse unit at the VA hospital. Understanding the concept of subsystems in a community is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, as it helps them target interventions and support to specific groups within a community based on their unique needs and characteristics. This knowledge enables more effective health promotion and intervention strategies tailored to the specific subsystem being assessed.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Self-perception–self-concept pattern. High school dropout rates and decreased self-worth among students indicate a potential alteration in how individuals view themselves and their self-worth within the community. This pattern is crucial as it encompasses individuals' beliefs about themselves, their body image, self-esteem, and personal identity. Option B) Role-relationships pattern focuses on how individuals interact with others in various roles, which is not directly impacted by the described situation. Option C) Cognitive-perceptual pattern pertains to mental processes and sensory functions, which are not the primary concerns based on the data provided. Option D) Sexuality-reproduction pattern is unrelated to the issues of high school dropout rates and decreased self-worth among students. Educationally, understanding functional health patterns is essential as it helps healthcare providers assess individuals comprehensively. By recognizing alterations in these patterns, appropriate interventions can be implemented to promote health and well-being. In this case, addressing the self-perception–self-concept pattern would be crucial to supporting the high school students and improving the community's overall health.