ATI RN
Psychobiologic Disorders Med Surg 2 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A young adult says to the nurse, I go to sleep without any problem, but I often wake up during the night because it feels like there are rubber bands in my legs. Which assessment question should the nurse ask to assess for restless legs syndrome (RLS)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Does anyone else in your family have this problem?" This question is crucial for assessing restless legs syndrome (RLS) because RLS can have a genetic component. By asking if anyone else in the family has experienced similar symptoms, the nurse can determine if there is a familial pattern of RLS, which can help in diagnosing and managing the condition. A: "What type of birth control do you use?" This question is unrelated to RLS and does not provide relevant information for assessing the client's symptoms. B: "How much caffeine do you use every day?" While caffeine consumption can potentially impact sleep, it is not directly related to RLS symptoms involving sensations of rubber bands in the legs. C: "How much exercise do you get in a typical day?" While exercise can influence sleep patterns, it is not a key assessment question for RLS specifically.
Question 2 of 5
An adolescent was arrested for prostitution and assault on a parent. The adolescent says, 'I hate my parents. They focus all attention on my brother, who's perfect in their eyes.' Which nursing diagnosis is most applicable?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Defensive coping related to inappropriate methods of seeking parental attention as evidenced by acting out. This is the most applicable nursing diagnosis because the adolescent is using inappropriate methods (prostitution and assault) to seek attention due to feeling neglected by their parents. The adolescent's behavior is a manifestation of coping with their perceived lack of attention from their parents. A: Disturbed personal identity is incorrect because the primary issue is not related to personal identity but rather seeking attention. B: Hopelessness related to achievement of role identity is incorrect because the main issue is not feeling unloved but seeking attention through negative behaviors. D: Impaired parenting related to inequitable feelings toward children is incorrect as it focuses on the parents' behavior rather than the adolescent's coping mechanism.
Question 3 of 5
The family of a child diagnosed with an impulse control disorder needs help to function more adaptively. Which aspect of the child's plan of care will be provided by an advanced practice nurse rather than a staff nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, providing dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT). Advanced practice nurses have specialized training and skills to provide psychotherapy interventions like DBT. DBT is an evidence-based therapy specifically designed to help individuals with impulse control disorders. Leading an activity group (choice A) and providing positive feedback (choice B) can be done by both advanced practice and staff nurses. Formulating nursing diagnoses (choice C) is within the scope of both roles but does not directly address the therapeutic intervention needed for impulse control disorders.
Question 4 of 5
Parents of an adolescent diagnosed with a CD say, 'We don't know how to respond when our child breaks the rules in our house. Is there any treatment that might help us?' Which therapy is likely to be helpful for these parents?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT). PCIT focuses on improving parent-child communication and interactions, teaching parents effective discipline strategies, and enhancing the parent-child relationship. This therapy is specifically designed to help parents manage disruptive behaviors in children, such as conduct disorder (CD). By participating in PCIT, parents can learn skills to respond to rule-breaking behavior in a positive and effective manner, ultimately improving the child's behavior and family dynamics. Incorrect choices: B: Behavior modification therapy focuses on changing specific behaviors through reinforcement and punishment, but may not address the underlying parent-child relationship issues. C: Multi-systemic therapy (MST) targets various systems influencing the adolescent's behavior, but may not directly address the parents' need for guidance on managing rule-breaking behavior at home. D: Pharmacotherapy involves medication treatment, which may be used in conjunction with therapy but does not directly address the parents' need for guidance on responding to rule-breaking behavior.
Question 5 of 5
An adolescent diagnosed with a CD stole and wrecked a neighbor's motorcycle. Afterward, the adolescent was confronted about the behavior but expressed no remorse. Which variation in the central nervous system best explains the adolescent's reaction?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because reduced gray matter in the cortex and dysfunction of the amygdala can lead to decreased feelings of empathy. The adolescent's lack of remorse for stealing and wrecking the neighbor's motorcycle suggests a deficit in empathy, which is controlled by the amygdala and the cortex. The amygdala is responsible for processing emotions, including empathy, while the cortex plays a role in higher cognitive functions like decision-making and understanding consequences. Dysfunction in these areas can result in a lack of emotional response or understanding of the impact of one's actions, leading to a lack of remorse. Choice A is incorrect because while serotonin dysregulation and increased testosterone activity can affect behavior, they are not directly linked to remorse. Choice B is incorrect as neuron destruction in the hippocampus is associated with memory and learning, not empathy. Choice D is incorrect because disturbances in the occipital lobe are related to visual processing, not empathy or remorse.