A -year-old toddler is in for an office visit. He was born at 6 pounds, 10 ounces. At today’s visit, the nurse expects his weight to be:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 26 pounds, 8 ounces. This weight is appropriate for a toddler of that age. Toddlers typically triple their birth weight by their first birthday and double it by the time they are around 4 years old. Given that the toddler was born at 6 pounds, 10 ounces, a weight of 26 pounds, 8 ounces aligns with this expected growth pattern. Option A) 13 pounds, 4 ounces, is too low for a toddler of that age. This weight would not be indicative of healthy growth and development. Option B) 19 pounds, 14 ounces, falls below the typical weight range for a toddler of that age who started at 6 pounds, 10 ounces. Option D) 33 pounds, 2 ounces, is too high for a toddler of that age. This weight exceeds the expected growth pattern and could indicate excessive weight gain, which is a concern for childhood obesity. Understanding expected growth patterns in children is crucial for healthcare providers as it helps monitor their overall health and development. By accurately assessing a child's weight, healthcare professionals can identify any potential growth issues early and provide appropriate interventions to support optimal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Encourage the toddler to drink orange juice and eat yogurt. This recommendation is based on the principle of using foods rich in calcium and iron to prevent lead absorption in the body. Orange juice is high in vitamin C, which aids in the absorption of iron and calcium. Yogurt, being a good source of calcium, can help reduce the absorption of lead in the body. Option B) Encouraging the toddler to eat plenty of cakes and cookies is incorrect as these foods do not have any protective effects against lead poisoning. In fact, sugary and processed foods may even worsen the situation by not providing the necessary nutrients to counteract lead absorption. Option C) Limiting foods high in iron, such as spinach, is also incorrect. While it is important to balance iron levels, completely restricting iron-rich foods may not be beneficial as iron is essential for overall health. Spinach, being a good source of iron, should not be limited solely for the purpose of reducing lead levels. Option D) Encouraging dark-chocolate-containing products for their antioxidants is not the best approach to reduce lead levels. While antioxidants are beneficial for overall health, they may not specifically target lead poisoning. It is more important to focus on foods rich in calcium and iron to prevent lead absorption. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the connection between nutrition and lead poisoning prevention. Providing evidence-based recommendations, such as encouraging foods rich in calcium and iron like orange juice and yogurt, can significantly impact the health outcomes of individuals at risk of lead exposure. This rationale emphasizes the importance of tailored dietary advice in health promotion and disease prevention strategies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) The dosage should be at the recommended dose. When a medication is renally excreted, it means that the drug is primarily eliminated from the body through the kidneys. In pediatric patients, especially younger children like the 5-year-old in this case, their renal function is not fully matured compared to adults. This means that their ability to efficiently clear medications from their system is reduced. Therefore, when dosing medications that are renally excreted in pediatric patients, it is crucial to consider their renal function and adjust the dosage accordingly. Giving a dose lower than recommended (Option A) may result in subtherapeutic levels of the medication, leading to ineffective treatment. Conversely, administering a dose higher than recommended (Option C) can increase the risk of toxicity due to the reduced clearance of the drug in the child's developing kidneys. Option D, stating that the medication should not be administered, is not the correct choice in this situation. Instead, a careful assessment of the child's renal function, along with consideration of the medication's pharmacokinetics and dosing guidelines for pediatric patients, should guide the nurse in determining the appropriate dosage to ensure both safety and therapeutic effectiveness. This question highlights the importance of understanding pharmacokinetic principles and individualizing medication dosages based on patient factors, especially in vulnerable populations such as pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Give it to her imaginary friend. In this scenario, the child's behavior aligns with typical developmental milestones for a 4-year-old. Children around this age often engage in imaginative play, create imaginary companions, and attribute thoughts and feelings to them. This behavior is a normal part of cognitive development and helps children explore social interactions and emotions in a safe and creative way. Option A) Eat it herself is less likely because the child is already full from the first cup of yogurt. Option B) Ask her brother if he wants it is less likely as the child is focused on her own interaction with her imaginary friend. Option C) Feed it to her dog is less likely as there is no mention of a dog in the scenario. Understanding children's cognitive and social development is crucial in pharmacology and healthcare. By recognizing typical behaviors at different ages, healthcare professionals can better communicate with and understand pediatric patients, leading to improved health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A) Educate the public about violence and the potential for abuse. This is because primary prevention strategies aim to prevent child abuse before it occurs by raising awareness and educating the community about the signs, consequences, and ways to prevent abuse. By educating the public, the nurse can empower individuals to recognize and report suspected cases of abuse, ultimately creating a safer environment for children. Option B) Remove a child who has been abused from the home is not a primary prevention strategy but rather a response to an existing case of abuse, falling under secondary prevention. Option C) Report a case of child abuse is also a secondary prevention strategy aimed at intervening once abuse has occurred. Option D) Refer a parent who abused their child to counseling is a tertiary prevention strategy focused on interventions after abuse has taken place to prevent its recurrence. In an educational context, understanding the different levels of prevention strategies in child abuse is crucial for healthcare professionals to effectively address and combat this issue. By implementing primary prevention strategies like education and awareness, nurses can play a proactive role in preventing child abuse and promoting the well-being of children in the community.