ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Study Guide Questions
Question 1 of 5
A -year-old boy is noted to have stereotypic body movements, poor verbal and nonverbal communication, and absent empathy. At daycare, he has not made any friends. The most likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by stereotypic behaviors, impaired social interaction, and communication deficits. ADHD primarily involves attention and hyperactivity issues, while dysthymic syndrome refers to chronic low mood, and deaf-mutism would involve hearing and speech impairments.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following best defines anion gap
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The anion gap is calculated as Na - (Cl + HCO3) and represents unmeasured anions like lactate, phosphate, and proteins. It is useful in metabolic acidosis evaluation.
Question 3 of 5
A newborn is delivered at 30 weeks gestation and requires respiratory support. Which intervention is most effective in preventing respiratory distress syndrome?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Surfactant replacement therapy is the most effective treatment for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants, reducing alveolar collapse and improving gas exchange. It is often given via endotracheal tube soon after birth.
Question 4 of 5
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis is associated with which radiological sign?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The steeple sign is a characteristic radiologic feature of croup (acute laryngotracheobronchitis).
Question 5 of 5
One of the following causes of anemia is associated with macrocytosis:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to macrocytic anemia due to impaired DNA synthesis.