A -year-old boy is noted to have stereotypic body movements, poor verbal and nonverbal communication, and absent empathy. At daycare, he has not made any friends. The most likely diagnosis is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) autism. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by stereotypic body movements, poor verbal and nonverbal communication, and deficits in social interaction, including empathy. Children with autism often struggle to make friends and engage in appropriate social behaviors. Option A) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention, but it does not typically present with the specific social and communication deficits seen in autism. Option B) dysthymic syndrome is a mood disorder characterized by persistent depressive symptoms, which do not align with the symptoms described in the case. Option C) deaf-mutism refers to a combination of deafness and mutism, which would not account for the full range of symptoms described in the case. In an educational context, understanding the distinguishing characteristics of different developmental disorders, such as autism, ADHD, and mood disorders, is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. Recognizing the specific symptoms and behaviors associated with each condition enables accurate diagnosis and appropriate intervention strategies to support the child's needs effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer for the patient in Question 5 is C) obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to differentiate between respiratory conditions to provide appropriate care. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a common condition in children characterized by partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to symptoms like snoring, gasping, and daytime sleepiness. Option A) tonsillitis is a common pediatric infection causing sore throat and fever, but it does not present with the characteristic symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Option B) peritonsillar abscess is a localized collection of pus behind the tonsil and presents with severe throat pain, difficulty swallowing, and drooling, which differ from the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Option D) Tangier disease is a rare genetic disorder leading to the accumulation of cholesterol in various tissues, causing hepatosplenomegaly and neuropathy, not presenting with the respiratory symptoms seen in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Understanding the distinguishing features of each condition is vital for accurate diagnosis and effective management in pediatric nursing. Identifying obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children is crucial as it can lead to serious complications if left untreated, emphasizing the importance of thorough assessment and knowledge of pediatric respiratory conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Gardner syndrome. Gardner syndrome is a genetic disorder that predisposes individuals to certain types of tumors, mainly colorectal polyps and cancers. It is not associated with sensitivity to radiation. A) Ataxia-telangiectasia is a genetic disorder characterized by neurological problems and increased sensitivity to radiation due to a defect in repairing DNA damage caused by radiation. C) Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. While individuals with Down syndrome may have certain health concerns, sensitivity to radiation is not a characteristic of this syndrome. D) Fanconi anemia is a genetic disorder that affects the bone marrow, leading to decreased production of all types of blood cells. Individuals with Fanconi anemia are sensitive to the DNA-damaging effects of radiation. Educationally, understanding the effects of radiation sensitivity in various genetic disorders is crucial in pediatric nursing. Nurses need to be aware of conditions that may predispose children to increased risk from radiation exposure, especially in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Recognizing these associations can help nurses provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients with these conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the treatment of Amanita poisoning, forced diuresis (Option B) is not recommended. This is because forced diuresis can potentially worsen the patient's condition by increasing the elimination of fluids and electrolytes, leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Oral activated charcoal (Option A) is recommended for Amanita poisoning as it helps to bind the toxins in the gastrointestinal tract and prevent their absorption. Silibinin (Option C) is a hepatoprotective agent that can be used to counteract the liver toxicity caused by Amanita poisoning. Intravenous penicillin G (Option D) is not typically used in the treatment of Amanita poisoning and does not have a specific role in managing this condition. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate treatment for Amanita poisoning is crucial for nurses working in pediatric settings. By knowing which interventions are recommended and which ones are contraindicated, nurses can provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients who have ingested toxic substances. This knowledge can help prevent further harm and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is E, which is not listed among the options provided. The recognition of allergic rhinitis as a major chronic respiratory disease of children rests largely on factors such as high prevalence, its significant impact on the quality of life, and its effects on school performance. However, the option "other comorbidities" is not a feature that contributes to the recognition of allergic rhinitis as a major chronic respiratory disease in children. Understanding the features that contribute to the recognition of allergic rhinitis is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. Recognizing the impact of allergic rhinitis on children's lives, including their health, well-being, and academic performance, is essential for providing comprehensive care and appropriate management strategies. By differentiating between the essential features and unrelated factors, healthcare providers can improve their ability to diagnose, treat, and support children with allergic rhinitis effectively.