A woman with no history of UTIs who is experiencing urgency, frequency, and dysuria comes to the clinic, where a dipstick and microscopic urinalysis indicate bacteriuria. What should the nurse anticipate for this patient?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because obtaining a clean-catch midstream urine specimen for culture and sensitivity is essential to confirm the presence of a urinary tract infection (UTI) and determine the appropriate antibiotic treatment. This method helps to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Choice B is incorrect as waiting for the development of severe symptoms like fever, chills, and flank pain can lead to complications and delayed treatment. Choice C is incorrect because empirical treatment without confirming the specific bacteria and their sensitivity can lead to inappropriate antibiotic use and potential antibiotic resistance. Choice D is incorrect as a blood specimen for CBC and kidney function tests is not the primary intervention for a suspected UTI.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale for correct answer (D): Chronic, recurrent nephrolithiasis is a risk factor for both kidney and bladder cancer. Kidney stones can cause chronic irritation and inflammation, leading to cell changes that increase cancer risk in the urinary system. Summary of incorrect choices: A: Smoking is a risk factor for bladder cancer, but not specifically for kidney cancer. B: Family history of cancer may increase overall cancer risk, but it is not specifically associated with kidney or bladder cancer. C: Chronic use of phenacetin is a risk factor for renal pelvis cancer, not necessarily kidney or bladder cancer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Metabolic acidosis in AKI oliguric phase is due to impaired bicarbonate excretion. In AKI, damaged kidneys cannot adequately excrete acids, leading to acidosis. Option C is correct because impaired bicarbonate excretion results in decreased buffering capacity, leading to metabolic acidosis. Option A (ammonia synthesis) helps in renal acid excretion. Option B (sodium excretion) does not directly impact acid-base balance. Option D (potassium conservation) is unrelated to acidosis in AKI.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rejection. Rejection is a critical complication post-transplantation where the recipient's immune system recognizes the transplanted organ as foreign and attacks it. Assessing for rejection is crucial to decrease the risk of mortality as it can lead to organ failure. In contrast, while infection (choice A), malignancy (choice C), and cardiovascular disease (choice D) are also potential complications post-transplantation, rejection poses the most immediate threat to the survival of the transplanted organ and patient. Regular monitoring, prompt identification, and intervention for rejection are essential in improving transplant outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Maintaining a regular activity program for Mr. Reed is crucial for his overall health and recovery post-discharge. Regular physical activity helps improve circulation, strength, and mental well-being. This is particularly important for patients recovering from an illness or surgery to prevent muscle atrophy and promote healing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not directly related to discharge teaching for Mr. Reed. Taking calcium supplements, teaching signs of chronic kidney disease, and increasing milk intake may be relevant for other health conditions but are not specifically mentioned as important elements for Mr. Reed's discharge teaching.