A woman who is 8 months pregnant asks the nurse, 'Does my baby have any antibodies to fight infection?' The most appropriate response by the nurse is:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) Your baby has IgG and IgM. Explanation: During pregnancy, the placenta allows for the transfer of IgG antibodies from the mother to the fetus, providing passive immunity. IgG is the only antibody that can cross the placenta, so the baby acquires these antibodies from the mother. IgM, on the other hand, is not typically transferred across the placenta. Therefore, the baby primarily has IgG antibodies to fight infection, with some IgM produced by the baby's own immune system. Why the other options are incorrect: A) Option A is incorrect because while the baby does have IgG and IgM antibodies, IgA is not typically transferred across the placenta. IgA is mainly acquired through breastfeeding. B) Option B is incorrect as the baby does receive IgG antibodies while in utero, and breastfeeding provides additional antibodies, including IgA. C) Option C is incorrect as the baby does have antibodies, particularly IgG, acquired from the mother during pregnancy. Educational context: Understanding fetal immunity is crucial in prenatal and neonatal care. Knowledge of which antibodies are transferred from the mother to the fetus and how this passive immunity functions helps healthcare providers educate pregnant women about the protection their babies receive and the importance of breastfeeding for additional immune support.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In fetal development, it is vital for pregnant individuals to sleep in a side-lying position, specifically on their left side. This position enhances fetal circulation by reducing pressure on the vena cava, the main vein leading back to the heart. When a pregnant person lies on their back, the weight of the uterus can compress the vena cava, potentially compromising blood flow to the fetus and the mother's own circulation. Sleeping with the head of the bed elevated or on the abdomen does not provide the same benefit of improving circulation for the fetus. Educationally, understanding the importance of fetal circulation during pregnancy helps ensure the well-being of both the mother and the developing baby. Teaching pregnant individuals about proper sleeping positions can empower them to make informed choices that support optimal fetal development and maternal health throughout pregnancy. It is crucial for healthcare providers to provide accurate information and guidance to pregnant patients to promote positive outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The zona pellucida is a protective layer surrounding the ovum (egg cell). One of its primary functions is to prevent multiple sperm from fertilizing the egg by only allowing one sperm to penetrate and fertilize the ovum. This is crucial for ensuring that the resulting embryo has the correct genetic material (46 chromosomes) and does not have an abnormal number of chromosomes, which could lead to developmental issues. The zona pellucida acts as a physical barrier that helps to maintain the genetic integrity of the offspring.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Maternal perception of fetal movement (quickening) usually begins between 17 and 20 weeks after conception. Because this is her first pregnancy, movement is felt toward the later part of the 17 to 20 weeks. “The baby is moving, but you can’t feel it yet” may be alarming to the woman. “Some babies are quiet and you don’t feel them move” is a true statement; the fetus’ movements are not strong enough to be felt until 17 to 20 weeks; however, this statement does not answer the woman’s concern. Fetal movement should be felt between 17 and 20 weeks; if movement is not perceptible by the end of that time, further assessment will be necessary.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: While the statement "The nourishment that I take in passes through the placenta" is generally correct in the context of the placenta providing nutrients to the fetus, it does not fully convey the process accurately. The primary function of the placenta is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and the fetus through the mother's blood supply. It is not a direct passage of nourishment that the mother takes in; rather, it involves a complex process of diffusion and transport to ensure the fetus receives the necessary nutrients and oxygen. Therefore, further clarification is needed to ensure the patient has a complete understanding of this essential function of the placenta.