A woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus (or fetuses) reaching the stage of fetal viability is called a:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: primipar. A primipar refers to a woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus reaching the stage of fetal viability. This term specifically indicates that the woman has given birth to at least one viable fetus. Explanation: 1. Primipar specifically refers to the number of completed pregnancies, indicating one pregnancy with a viable fetus. 2. Primigravida (B) refers to a woman who is pregnant for the first time and has not yet given birth. 3. Multipara (C) refers to a woman who has completed two or more pregnancies resulting in viable offspring. 4. Nulligravida (D) refers to a woman who has never been pregnant. In summary, the correct answer, primipar, is the most accurate term to describe a woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus reaching the stage of fetal viability, distinguishing her from the other choices.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because increased vascularity of the vagina during pregnancy leads to heightened sensitivity and can result in increased arousal, especially in the second trimester. This is due to increased blood flow and hormonal changes affecting the vaginal tissues. This physiological response is a normal part of pregnancy and can enhance sexual experiences for some women. A is incorrect because changes in the cervix do not impact the evaluation of abnormal Pap tests. B is incorrect as quickening refers to the first perception of fetal movements by the pregnant woman, not palpating the fetus. C is incorrect as Chadwick's sign, the deepening color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix, typically appears in the first trimester, not the second trimester.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A: 1. Montgomery's tubercles are sebaceous glands on the areola. 2. Blood vessels becoming visible indicates increased blood supply due to hormonal changes during pregnancy. 3. The intertwining blue network reflects full function of Montgomery's tubercles. 4. Infection may cause inflammation and increased visibility of blood vessels. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: Incorrect, mammary glands develop during puberty, not right before labor. C: Incorrect, lactation is primarily influenced by prolactin, not estrogen. D: Incorrect, colostrum is a thick, yellowish fluid containing antibodies, not an oily substance for lubrication.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because during pregnancy, the systolic blood pressure tends to increase slightly as pregnancy progresses due to increased cardiac output and decreased systemic vascular resistance. On the other hand, the diastolic pressure typically remains constant or may even decrease slightly. This physiological change is important for maternity nurses to be aware of in order to differentiate normal pregnancy-related changes from potential complications like preeclampsia. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect: A: This choice discusses the effect of cuff size on blood pressure readings, which is important but not directly related to the changes in blood pressure during pregnancy. B: Shifting positions and changing arms for measurements may affect accuracy but is not specifically related to blood pressure changes during pregnancy. D: Compression of iliac veins and inferior vena cava by the uterus leading to hemorrhoids is unrelated to changes in blood pressure during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Increased bladder sensitivity and compression by the enlarging uterus lead to the urge to urinate even if the bladder is almost empty. This is due to the pressure exerted on the bladder by the growing fetus, causing increased frequency of urination. Step 2: This phenomenon is a common experience for pregnant women as their uterus expands and places pressure on the bladder, making them feel the urge to urinate frequently. Step 3: Maternity nurses should be aware of this physiological change to reassure pregnant patients that this urge to urinate is normal during pregnancy and not necessarily indicative of a urinary tract infection. Summary: Choice A is incorrect because increased urinary output in pregnant women does not necessarily make them less susceptible to urinary infection. Choice C is incorrect because renal function is not more efficient when a pregnant woman assumes a supine position; actually, lying on the back can reduce blood flow to the baby. Choice D is incorrect because using diuretics during pregnancy is generally not recommended as it