A woman’s pelvis is described as long and narrow with an anteroposterior diameter greater than the transverse diameter. This is known as which type of pelvis?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Anthropoid. An anthropoid pelvis is characterized by a long and narrow shape with an anteroposterior diameter greater than the transverse diameter. This type of pelvis resembles the pelvic structure of anthropoid (higher primates) mammals. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Platypelloid pelvis is flat and broad, not long and narrow. B: Android pelvis has a heart-shaped inlet with an android appearance, not a long and narrow shape. D: Gynecoid pelvis is rounded and wider with a transverse diameter greater than the anteroposterior diameter, opposite of the described characteristics.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Every 15 minutes. This frequency is recommended for a low-risk multiparous client in active labor without risk factors. Intermittent auscultation every 15 minutes allows for adequate monitoring of fetal well-being while also promoting maternal autonomy and mobility. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are either too frequent or too infrequent for a low-risk client in active labor. Every 5 minutes (B) may be excessive and disrupt the labor process, every 20 minutes (C) may not provide sufficient monitoring, and every 30 minutes (D) may not detect changes in fetal status promptly.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The optimal position for a woman in the second stage of labor is lateral recumbent. This position allows gravity to aid in the descent of the baby, reduces pressure on the vena cava, and promotes better blood flow to the uterus. It also helps prevent perineal tears and facilitates fetal rotation. A: Supine position can compress the vena cava, reducing blood flow to the uterus. C: Lithotomy position is not recommended as it can lead to increased perineal trauma. D: Squatting may not be ideal as it can be tiring for the mother and may not provide optimal support for delivery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Complete breech. In a complete breech presentation, the fetus is positioned with its head in the fundus, hips flexed, and knees flexed. This position is unique to the complete breech presentation. A: Frank breech would have the hips flexed, but the knees extended. C: Vertex position is when the head is down towards the birth canal. D: Transverse is when the fetus is lying horizontally across the uterus. Therefore, based on the description provided in the question, the correct answer is B as it matches the specific presentation described.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct order of cardinal movements of labor is: 1. Engagement 2. Descent 3. Flexion 4. Internal rotation 5. Extension 6. Restitution 7. External rotation Engagement occurs first as the fetal presenting part enters the maternal pelvis. Descent is the second cardinal movement, where the fetus moves down the birth canal. Flexion follows, allowing the smallest diameter of the fetal head to present. Internal rotation positions the fetus for delivery. Extension occurs next, facilitating the passage of the head through the birth canal. Restitution aligns the fetal head with the shoulders. External rotation allows the shoulders to rotate for delivery. Therefore, Descent is the correct first cardinal movement in the sequence. Other choices like Expulsion, Extension, and External rotation occur later in the process and are not in the correct order.