A woman in active labor requests pain relief. Which pharmacological option is safe and effective for pain management during labor?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nitrous oxide, also known as "laughing gas," is a safe and effective pharmacological option for pain management during labor. Nitrous oxide is commonly used in labor and delivery settings as it has minimal effects on the baby and allows the woman to remain in control of her pain management. It provides quick pain relief when inhaled and can be adjusted to the woman's needs during labor. Ibuprofen, morphine, and diazepam are not typically used for pain management during labor due to their potential risks and side effects, especially for the baby.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Uterine hyperstimulation, also known as tachysystole, is a condition where the uterus contracts too frequently and/or too forcefully, leading to a decreased uterine blood flow. This can result in maternal fatigue and decreased oxygenation to the fetus, as mentioned in the scenario. Uterine hyperstimulation can be caused by several factors, including the excessive use of uterotonic medications, such as oxytocin, or the presence of uterine abnormalities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a patient with acute gastrointestinal bleeding requiring urgent intervention, the healthcare team should prioritize performing endoscopic hemostasis with mechanical or thermal techniques. Endoscopy allows for direct visualization of the source of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, enabling targeted interventions such as clipping, cauterization, or injection of epinephrine to achieve hemostasis. This approach is effective in managing acute bleeds and can help stop the bleeding quickly, reducing the need for more invasive procedures or surgeries. Administering proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may be considered for acid-related bleeding, but it is not the primary intervention for acute bleeding requiring urgent management. Strict bed rest may not be necessary and can increase the risk of complications such as deep vein thrombosis. Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma may be indicated if there is evidence of coagulopathy, but addressing the bleeding source should be the initial priority to

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The presentation described in the question, including the skin lesion resembling a "bull's eye" rash at the site of a tick bite, is characteristic of Lyme disease. Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). The symptoms of Lyme disease include fever, headache, myalgia, and the erythema migrans rash, which appears as a red circular rash with central clearing resembling a bull's eye.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All of the components -explanation of the procedure and alternatives to the procedure (I), discussion of potential risks and benefits of the procedure (II), and confirmation that the patient understands the risks, benefits, and any alterations (III) -are essential parts of informed consent. Providing information about the procedure and its alternatives, disclosing potential risks and benefits, and ensuring that the patient comprehends this information are crucial to obtaining valid informed consent prior to any medical procedure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nitrous oxide, also known as "laughing gas," is a safe and effective pharmacological option for pain management during labor. Nitrous oxide is commonly used in labor and delivery settings as it has minimal effects on the baby and allows the woman to remain in control of her pain management. It provides quick pain relief when inhaled and can be adjusted to the woman's needs during labor. Ibuprofen, morphine, and diazepam are not typically used for pain management during labor due to their potential risks and side effects, especially for the baby.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's priority when a patient appears confused and disoriented during a consultation is to provide clear and simple explanations and assess for any underlying causes of confusion. It is essential to ensure that the patient understands the information being provided and to address any potential reasons for the confusion, such as medication side effects, medical conditions, or cognitive impairment. Ignoring the patient's confusion or assuming they cannot understand can lead to misunderstandings, errors in care, and ultimately jeopardize the patient's well-being. It is crucial to approach the situation with empathy, patience, and a focus on ensuring effective communication and understanding between the nurse and the patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Performing a sigmoidoscopy, which is a procedure to examine the lower part of the colon and rectum, during a health screening event at a community center may not be practical for several reasons. Firstly, sigmoidoscopy is relatively invasive compared to other screening methods for colon cancer, such as fecal occult blood tests or colonoscopy. Secondly, it can be expensive to perform, especially in a community setting where cost-effectiveness is an important consideration. Therefore, Nurse Filomena would likely point out the invasiveness and cost factors to explain why a sigmoidoscopy may not be suitable for a health screening event at a local community center.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A nursing assistant can be delegated the task of changing wound dressings because it is considered a basic nursing care activity that does not require specialized training or knowledge. Nursing assistants are trained to perform tasks related to personal care, hygiene, and basic wound care under the supervision of a registered nurse. Changing wound dressings is a routine nursing task that can be safely delegated to a nursing assistant, allowing the nurse to focus on other aspects of patient care that require specialized nursing skills and knowledge.