Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Before initiating hydrotherapy for pain relief during labor, the nurse's priority action should be to assess the maternal and fetal conditions to determine if the mother is eligible for this form of pain management. It is essential to ensure that hydrotherapy is safe and appropriate for the specific situation. Assessing the maternal condition includes evaluating factors such as the stage of labor, maternal and fetal well-being, and any medical conditions that could impact the use of hydrotherapy. This assessment helps to identify any contraindications or risks that may affect the mother and baby during hydrotherapy. By conducting a thorough assessment, the nurse can make an informed decision about whether hydrotherapy is suitable for the woman in labor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a patient describes their pain as a 5 on the pain assessment scale, it indicates severe pain and the need for a strong pain medication. Morphine Sulphate is a potent opioid analgesic that is commonly used to manage severe pain, such as in cases where the pain is rated as 5. Meperidine HCl (Demerol) is another opioid analgesic, but it is not as commonly used due to its side effect profile and potential for toxicity. Fentanyl (Duragesic) is also a potent opioid analgesic that can be used for severe pain, but morphine is often preferred in this situation. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a milder pain reliever and is not typically sufficient for pain described at a level of 5 on the pain scale.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a patient receiving palliative care for end-stage COPD expresses a desire to discuss advance care planning, the palliative nurse should initiate a conversation about advance directives and future care preferences. Advance care planning involves discussing and documenting a patient's preferences regarding future medical care, particularly in situations where the patient may no longer be able to make decisions. This discussion helps ensure that the patient's wishes are respected and followed in the event they are unable to communicate their preferences. By engaging in advance care planning discussions, the nurse can help the patient feel empowered, supported, and in control of their medical care decisions. It also allows healthcare providers to align care with the patient's values and goals, ultimately improving quality of life and ensuring dignity at the end of life.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Burnout is a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. In this scenario, when staff nurses in the Pediatric Ward are working more than they can handle, they may experience burnout. Burnout can lead to a decrease in enthusiasm for work, feelings of depersonalization, and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment. These consequences can ultimately impact the quality of patient care provided by the nurses. Burnout not only affects the well-being of the healthcare workers but can also result in lower patient care quality, medical errors, and decreased overall job performance. Addressing and preventing burnout is crucial in maintaining a high standard of care and ensuring the well-being of healthcare professionals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nurse Nilda likely opted to review Erikson's psychosocial theory because completion of each developmental task in the theory results in a sense of competence and contributes to the development of a healthy personality. Erikson's theory outlines different stages of psychosocial development that individuals go through, with each stage presenting a specific conflict or challenge to be resolved. Successfully navigating and resolving these challenges at each stage leads to the development of essential strengths and virtues. For example, in Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority (ages 6 to 11 years), successfully completing tasks related to school, sports, and social interactions can lead to a sense of competence and accomplishment. Conversely, failure to master these tasks can lead to feelings of inadequacy and inferiority. By understanding and applying Erikson's theory, Nurse Nilda can better support individuals in their development and help promote positive outcomes.