A woman in active labor is receiving intravenous antibiotics for group B streptococcus (GBS) prophylaxis. What maternal assessment finding indicates a potential adverse reaction to the antibiotics?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Urticaria (hives) and pruritus (itching) are common signs of an allergic reaction to antibiotics, including those used for GBS prophylaxis during labor. Other signs of an adverse reaction may include flushing, fever, chills, and anaphylaxis. It is important to monitor the woman closely for any signs of an allergic reaction and to intervene promptly if one occurs to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Insulin glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting insulin that is typically administered once daily at the same time each day to help maintain a steady level of insulin in the body. It is important to rotate injection sites within the same body region (such as the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm) to prevent lipodystrophy (lumpiness or dents in the skin) and to ensure consistent absorption of the insulin. Proper rotation of injection sites helps to prevent tissue damage and ensures optimal insulin absorption, improving the effectiveness of insulin therapy. It is not necessary to inject insulin glargine before meals, vigorously shake the vial, or administer it with a rapid-acting insulin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nurse Vera should focus on the last menstrual period when assessing the health condition of the pregnant patient because it is crucial for determining the estimated due date of the pregnancy. Knowing the date of the last menstrual period allows healthcare providers to calculate the gestational age of the fetus, monitor the progress of the pregnancy, and identify any potential issues or complications that may arise. Additionally, the last menstrual period is necessary for accurate dating of the pregnancy and scheduling prenatal care visits and screenings. By focusing on the last menstrual period, Nurse Vera can gather important information that will guide the management and care of the pregnant patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The core public health function of assessment involves systematic data collection on the population's health status, monitoring changes in health, and making information available to the public. In this context, collecting data and monitoring the health status of the population directly aligns with the assessment function of public health. Quality assurance focuses on ensuring that health services meet established standards, policy development involves creating policies to address public health issues, and health promotion involves empowering individuals to improve their health. While these functions are also essential in public health, the act of collecting data and monitoring health status specifically falls under the assessment core function.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Patient Sonia, who has hypothyroidism, would benefit from treatment with levothyroxine. Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) and is commonly prescribed to replace the deficient thyroid hormone in patients with hypothyroidism. It helps restore the thyroid hormone levels in the body, relieving symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance that are characteristic of hypothyroidism. Propranolol is a beta-blocker used for conditions like hypertension, anxiety, and migraines; iron pills are used to treat iron deficiency anemia; and iodine supplementation is not typically used in the treatment of hypothyroidism unless it is due to iodine deficiency.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In emergency situations, pregnant women are typically given priority when it comes to transportation to the hospital. This is because they have unique medical needs and potential complications that require immediate attention. It is important to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the unborn child. Additionally, the health and safety of the unborn child are critical considerations in determining priority for medical treatment and transport. Therefore, the pregnant woman should be the priority for the rescue team to transport to the hospital.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Proper latch technique is the most important nursing intervention to alleviate nipple soreness in a breastfeeding client. When a baby latches on correctly, it helps prevent nipple trauma and soreness. Educating the client on how to achieve a proper latch, such as ensuring the baby's mouth covers both the nipple and areola, can significantly reduce discomfort during feedings. Improving the latch can also enhance milk transfer, leading to better breastfeeding outcomes for both the mother and baby. While lanolin cream (choice C) can provide some relief for sore nipples, addressing the root cause by correcting the latch is crucial for long-term comfort and successful breastfeeding. Using nipple shields (choice B) or encouraging the use of breast pumps (choice D) should not be the first line of intervention when addressing sore nipples, as they do not address the underlying issue of latch technique.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The nurse should respect the patient's autonomy and collaborate on alternative treatment options. It is essential to honor the patient's cultural beliefs and preferences while also seeking to find a solution that aligns with the healthcare provider's recommendations. By working together with the patient to explore alternative treatment options that are acceptable within the patient's cultural framework, the nurse can promote patient-centered care and foster a trusting relationship with the patient.Ignoring or dismissing the patient's cultural beliefs can lead to decreased patient adherence and trust in the healthcare provider. Providing education and information to help the patient understand the treatment benefits is important, but it should be done in a way that respects the patient's autonomy and cultural perspective.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), communication difficulties may occur as the disease progresses and affects the muscles responsible for speech. It is crucial to initiate early measures to assist the patient in communicating effectively. Using pre-signals before the loss of speech can be helpful in maintaining communication with the patient. These pre-signals can include gestures, writing tools, communication boards, or technology-assisted communication devices. By introducing and practicing these pre-signals early on, the patient can adapt and utilize alternative communication methods before the loss of speech becomes more challenging. This proactive approach can significantly improve the patient's ability to communicate and maintain a sense of connection with others.