ATI RN
Adult Health Nursing Test Banks Questions
Question 1 of 9
A woman in active labor demonstrates persistent occiput posterior fetal position, contributing to prolonged labor and severe back pain. What nursing intervention should be prioritized to facilitate fetal rotation and optimize labor progress?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Placing the mother in a hands-and-knees position can help facilitate fetal rotation from occiput posterior to the desired occiput anterior position. This position utilizes gravity to assist in the repositioning of the baby, ultimately helping to alleviate back pain and promoting more efficient labor progress. It allows the baby's head to descend properly into the pelvis, potentially reducing the risk of a prolonged labor or the need for instrumental delivery. Additionally, being in this position can help the mother feel more comfortable and empowered during labor. Overall, assisting the mother into a hands-and-knees position is a non-invasive, low-risk intervention that can have a positive impact on both the mother and baby's well-being during labor.
Question 2 of 9
A patient presents with a sensation of a foreign body stuck in the throat, difficulty swallowing, and odynophagia. Flexible laryngoscopy reveals a submucosal mass arising from the posterior pharyngeal wall. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Zenker's diverticulum is a condition in which there is a pouch or sac that forms at the posterior pharyngeal wall above the upper esophageal sphincter. It can present with symptoms such as sensation of a foreign body stuck in the throat, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), and odynophagia (painful swallowing). Flexible laryngoscopy can reveal a submucosal mass arising from the posterior pharyngeal wall, which is characteristic of Zenker's diverticulum.
Question 3 of 9
Which of the following is the preventive measure to osteoporosis development
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcium is essential for maintaining strong and healthy bones. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones, making them more prone to fractures. Consuming calcium-rich foods such as dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods can help prevent osteoporosis development. Additionally, incorporating calcium supplements under the guidance of a healthcare provider can further support bone health and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Regular intake of adequate calcium is considered a crucial preventive measure for osteoporosis.
Question 4 of 9
A patient presents with a thyroid nodule and signs of compression such as difficulty swallowing and breathing. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy reveals a follicular pattern and colloid-filled spaces. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient's presentation of thyroid nodule with compression symptoms like difficulty swallowing and breathing, along with fine-needle aspiration biopsy showing a follicular pattern and colloid-filled spaces, is highly suggestive of a follicular adenoma. Follicular adenomas are benign thyroid tumors that can cause compression symptoms due to their growth and size, leading to pressure on surrounding structures in the neck area. The presence of colloid-filled spaces in the biopsy is characteristic of follicular adenomas.
Question 5 of 9
The nurse ensures, which of the following should be present and be cooperative in the educational program?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In an educational program conducted by a nurse, it is crucial to involve the patient, their family, and significant others. This approach ensures holistic care by considering the patient's psychosocial environment, family dynamics, and support system. Including these individuals in the educational program fosters collaboration, strengthens the patient-nurse relationship, and equips family members with the knowledge and skills needed to provide optimal care at home. Furthermore, involving the patient's support system can enhance adherence to treatment plans and contribute to better health outcomes. Therefore, the presence and cooperation of the patient, family, and significant others are essential elements of a successful educational program led by a nurse.
Question 6 of 9
A patient presents with acute onset of severe vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and nystagmus. Symptoms are worsened with head movement. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vestibular neuritis is a condition characterized by the acute onset of severe vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and nystagmus. These symptoms are typically worsened by head movement. Vestibular neuritis is caused by inflammation of the vestibular nerve, which plays a key role in balance and spatial orientation. The classic presentation of these symptoms, along with the absence of hearing loss (which is seen in labyrinthitis), points towards vestibular neuritis as the most likely cause in this scenario. Meniere's disease presents with recurrent episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and sensation of fullness in the ear. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is characterized by brief episodes of vertigo triggered by changes in head position.
Question 7 of 9
A postpartum client presents with persistent, severe perineal pain despite analgesic medication. On assessment, the nurse observes ecchymosis and swelling of the perineum. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presence of persistent, severe perineal pain along with ecchymosis and swelling of the perineum can indicate a complication such as a hematoma. A hematoma is a collection of blood that can occur in the perineal area postpartum, usually as a result of trauma during delivery. It is essential to notify the healthcare provider immediately to assess the situation, provide appropriate treatment, and prevent further complications. Applying ice packs or administering additional analgesic medication may not address the underlying issue of a possible hematoma, so prompt medical evaluation is crucial in this situation.
Question 8 of 9
The physician ordered sonography. The nurse informs the ultrasound unit in charge and prepares the patient for the procedure. The patient asks the importance of the procedure, the nurse CORRECT response is________.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sonography, also known as ultrasound, is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of structures inside the body. In the context of a patient who is pregnant, sonography is commonly used to assess the well-being of the fetus. It allows healthcare providers to monitor the growth and development of the fetus, evaluate the placenta, amniotic fluid levels, and detect any abnormalities that may be present.
Question 9 of 9
A patient presents with a history of recurrent nosebleeds, easy bruising, and gum bleeding. Laboratory tests reveal prolonged bleeding time and normal platelet count, PT, and aPTT. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Von Willebrand disease is a hereditary bleeding disorder that results from a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a protein that plays a key role in platelet adhesion and the initiation of primary hemostasis. The clinical manifestations of von Willebrand disease include recurrent mucocutaneous bleeding, such as nosebleeds, easy bruising, and gum bleeding. Laboratory findings typically show a prolonged bleeding time due to impaired platelet function, while platelet count, PT (prothrombin time), and aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) are usually normal. This distinguishes von Willebrand disease from other bleeding disorders such as hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency), which would show abnormal PT and aPTT due to deficiencies in specific clotting factors. Thrombocytopenia, on the other hand, would be characterized by a low platelet count