A woman has just been diagnosed with HPV or genital warts. The nurse should counsel her to receive regular examinations because this virus makes her at a higher risk for _______ cancer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cervical cancer. HPV is a known risk factor for cervical cancer as certain strains of the virus can lead to changes in cervical cells that may progress to cancer. Regular examinations, such as Pap smears, can help detect any abnormalities early on and prevent the development of cervical cancer. Choice A: Uterine cancer is not directly linked to HPV. Choice C: Ovarian cancer is not commonly associated with HPV. Choice D: Endometrial cancer is not directly caused by HPV. Regular screenings for cervical cancer are crucial for women with HPV to monitor any changes and take necessary preventive measures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pelvic pain that worsens during menstruation. This is because endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, leading to inflammation and pain in the pelvic region. The pain typically worsens during menstruation due to the shedding of this tissue, causing irritation and further inflammation. A: Pain during menstruation is a common symptom, but what distinguishes endometriosis is the worsening of pain during menstruation. C: Pain during ovulation is not a typical symptom of endometriosis. While some individuals may experience pain during ovulation, it is not the most common symptom. D: Heavy bleeding during menstruation can occur in endometriosis, but it is not the most common symptom. Pelvic pain that worsens during menstruation is the hallmark symptom of endometriosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Creatinine. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism and is filtered by the nephrons in the kidneys. It is then secreted into the filtrate and eventually excreted in the urine. A: Amino Acids are reabsorbed by the nephrons, not secreted. C: Sodium is primarily reabsorbed by the nephrons to maintain electrolyte balance. D: Glucose is normally completely reabsorbed by the nephrons unless there is a medical condition such as diabetes where it may be found in the urine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Renal pelvis. The upper expanded region of the ureter is called the renal pelvis, which is where the major calyces converge to collect urine before it travels down the ureter. The other choices are incorrect: B) Renal papilla is the tip of the renal pyramid where urine is collected before entering the minor calyx, C) Renal pyramids are the conical structures in the renal medulla that contain the nephrons, and D) Renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney where the nephrons are located.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Renal arteries. Renal arteries are branches of the abdominal aorta that supply blood to the kidneys. They play a crucial role in delivering oxygenated blood to the kidneys for filtration and waste removal. Choice A, Renal capsules, are fibrous tissue surrounding the kidney, not blood vessels. Choice B, Ureters, are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, not blood vessels. Choice D, Renal Columns, are extensions of the renal cortex in the kidney, not blood vessels. Hence, C is the correct choice as it directly relates to the blood supply of the kidneys.