A woman and man have the following genotypes for an autosomal dominant disease: Aa and Aa. If asked, which of the following should the nurse say is the probability of their child having the disease?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) 75% probability. This can be explained through an understanding of the principles of Mendelian genetics. When both parents carry the genotype Aa for an autosomal dominant disease, there are three possible genotypes for their offspring: AA, Aa, and aa. The Punnett square for this cross shows that there is a 25% chance of the child inheriting the disease-causing allele (AA), a 50% chance of being a carrier like the parents (Aa), and a 25% chance of not inheriting the disease allele (aa). Therefore, the probability of the child having the disease is 25% (AA) + 50% (Aa) = 75%. Option A) 25% probability is incorrect because this only represents the chance of the child inheriting two normal alleles (aa), which is not the focus of the question. Option B) 50% probability is incorrect as it overlooks the fact that the disease is autosomal dominant. Option D) 100% probability is incorrect because both parents are carriers, not affected individuals. Understanding genetic principles is crucial in pharmacology as it helps healthcare professionals to assess the risk of inherited diseases in patients and their offspring. This knowledge informs decisions regarding medication use during pregnancy and genetic counseling, ensuring the safety and well-being of both the mother and the child.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the case of a client receiving terbutaline (Brethine) IV for preterm labor, the correct answer warranting stopping the infusion is option A) Cardiac arrhythmias. Terbutaline is a beta-2 adrenergic agonist that can potentially lead to adverse cardiac effects such as tachycardia, palpitations, and arrhythmias. These effects can be exacerbated in the IV route due to the rapid onset of action. Option B) Respiratory rate of 24 rpm is within normal limits and not a direct contraindication for stopping the infusion. Option C) Blood pressure of 90/60 is low but not an immediate concern unless accompanied by symptoms of shock. Option D) Hypocalcemia is not a common adverse effect of terbutaline and would not be a primary reason to stop the infusion. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of monitoring maternal responses to medications during pregnancy, especially those used to manage preterm labor. Understanding the potential side effects and contraindications of medications like terbutaline is crucial for providing safe and effective care to pregnant clients. Vigilant assessment and prompt intervention based on assessment findings are essential in managing maternal and fetal well-being during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the nurse to perform at this time is to check the client’s lochia flow (Option A). This is the most appropriate response because assessing lochia flow is crucial in the postpartum period to monitor for signs of excessive bleeding, which could indicate postpartum hemorrhage—a common complication after childbirth. Option B, asking the client if she is having chills, is incorrect in this situation as the vital signs provided do not indicate any signs of infection or sepsis, which are typically associated with chills. Option C, encouraging the client to drink fluids, is also not the priority at this time as the client's vital signs are stable and do not suggest dehydration or hypovolemia. Option D, assessing the client’s lung fields, is not necessary based on the information provided. The client's vital signs do not suggest any respiratory distress or lung-related issues. In an educational context, understanding the significance of monitoring vital signs and assessing postpartum clients is essential for nurses working in labor and delivery or postpartum units. This question highlights the importance of recognizing postpartum complications such as postpartum hemorrhage and the role of ongoing assessment in providing quality postpartum care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the postpartum period, it is crucial for nurses to assess and monitor various aspects of a mother's health, including the risk for fluid volume deficit. The appropriate goal for a postpartum client with a nursing diagnosis of potential for fluid volume deficit is to maintain a normal lochial flow (Option B). Explanation of why Option B is correct: - Lochia is the postpartum vaginal discharge containing blood, mucus, and uterine tissue. Monitoring and ensuring a normal lochial flow is essential in assessing postpartum hemorrhage and fluid status. Any deviation from normal lochial flow could indicate a potential issue with fluid volume balance. Explanation of why other options are incorrect: - Option A (Minimal perineal pain): While important for the mother's comfort, perineal pain is not directly related to fluid volume deficit. - Option C (Normal temperature): Temperature regulation is important but not specifically related to fluid volume deficit. - Option D (Weight reduction): Weight reduction is not a priority in the immediate postpartum period and is not directly related to fluid volume status. Educational context: Understanding nursing diagnoses, setting appropriate goals, and prioritizing interventions based on the client's needs are critical skills for nurses in maternal health. Monitoring and managing fluid volume balance in the postpartum period are vital for preventing complications and promoting recovery. By selecting the correct goal related to fluid volume balance, nurses can provide effective care and support to postpartum clients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) When gastric aspirate is removed from the tube. This is because the presence of gastric aspirate confirms that the tube is in the stomach, which is the intended location for an orogastric gavage tube. Option B) When the baby suckles on the tubing is incorrect because a baby suckling on the tubing does not provide a reliable indication of proper tube placement. It can be a dangerous assumption to rely on the baby's action to determine tube location. Option C) When respirations are unlabored during tube insertion is incorrect as it does not directly correlate with tube placement. Unlabored respirations indicate the baby's overall respiratory status, not tube location. Option D) When the tubing can be inserted no farther is incorrect because the length of insertion does not guarantee correct placement. It's important to verify the tube location through appropriate means like aspirating gastric contents. In the educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the importance of verifying tube placement using evidence-based methods to ensure the safety and well-being of the preterm baby. Proper tube placement is essential to prevent complications such as aspiration and ensure effective delivery of nutrition or medication. Nurses must follow established protocols and guidelines to confirm tube placement accurately.