ATI RN
foundation of nursing questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A woman aged 48 years comes to the clinic because she has discovered a lump in her breast. After diagnostic testing, the woman receives a diagnosis of breast cancer. The woman asks the nurse when her teenage daughters should begin mammography. What is the nurses best advice?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Age 48. This recommendation aligns with the current guidelines from major health organizations, such as the American Cancer Society, which suggest that women at average risk should start regular mammograms at age 45 to 54. Screening before age 45 may lead to unnecessary procedures due to false positives. Beginning at age 48 allows for early detection without subjecting the daughters to unnecessary testing at a younger age. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they suggest starting mammography at younger ages than recommended, which can increase the likelihood of false positives and unnecessary interventions.
Question 2 of 5
When planning discharge teaching with a patient who has undergone a total mastectomy with axillary dissection, the nurse knows to instruct the patient that she should report what sign or symptom to the physician immediately?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sudden cessation of output from the drainage device. This is crucial because it can indicate a potential complication like a blocked drain or infection, requiring immediate medical attention to prevent further issues. Other choices like fatigue (A) are common after surgery but not urgent. Temperature elevation (B) may indicate infection but is not as critical as sudden cessation of drainage. Gradual decline in output (D) is expected as the drainage decreases over time, so it doesn't require immediate reporting.
Question 3 of 5
A 42-year-old man has come to the clinic for an annual physical. The nurse notes in the patients history that his father was treated for breast cancer. What should the nurse provide to the patient before he leaves the clinic?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A referral for a mammogram. Given the family history of breast cancer in the patient's father, the nurse should recommend a mammogram as a preventive measure due to increased risk. Mammograms are effective in detecting breast cancer early, especially in individuals with a family history. This can help in early diagnosis and timely intervention if needed. B: Instructions about breast self-examination (BSE) can be helpful, but in this case, a mammogram is a more definitive screening tool for high-risk individuals. C: A referral to a surgeon is not necessary at this point as the patient does not exhibit any symptoms of breast cancer. D: Referral to a support group may be beneficial for emotional support, but the priority should be on proactive screening measures like a mammogram.
Question 4 of 5
A patient at high risk for breast cancer is scheduled for an incisional biopsy in the outpatient surgery department. When the nurse is providing preoperative education, the patient asks why an incisional biopsy is being done instead of just removing the mass. What would be the nurses best response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because an incisional biopsy is typically performed to confirm a diagnosis by obtaining a sample of the tissue in question. This allows for further analysis through special studies to determine the best course of treatment. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The reason for performing an incisional biopsy is not primarily based on pain or accuracy comparisons with other testing methods. C: An incisional biopsy is not done to assess potential recovery from a mastectomy but rather to diagnose the nature of the mass. D: Age and general health status are not sole criteria for determining the need for an incisional biopsy.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse has assessed that a patient is not yet willing to view her mastectomy site. How should the nurse best assist the patient is developing a positive body image?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Providing encouragement is essential to building trust and rapport with the patient, which is crucial in supporting her emotional needs. Step 2: Empathy helps the patient feel understood and supported, fostering a positive therapeutic relationship. Step 3: Thoughtful encouragement acknowledges the patient's feelings and validates her experiences, empowering her to gradually accept her body changes. Step 4: By offering empathic and thoughtful encouragement, the nurse helps the patient develop a positive body image at her own pace. Choice A focuses on physical appearance, Choice B generalizes experiences, and Choice C overlooks the patient's emotional journey.