A type of cancer treatment that uses antibodies or vaccines to fight malignant tumors is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Immunotherapy is the correct answer because it uses antibodies or vaccines to boost the body's immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. It specifically targets malignant tumors without harming normal cells. Radiation therapy (A) uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells, hormone therapy (B) blocks hormones that cancer cells need to grow, and chemotherapy (C) uses drugs to kill rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells. However, only immunotherapy directly harnesses the immune system to fight cancer cells.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Terminal illness. Terminal illness refers to a condition that will ultimately lead to death. This term is specifically used to describe an illness with no possibility of a cure or recovery. Marginal illness (A) refers to a minor or insignificant health issue. Palliative illness (B) refers to a condition in which the goal is to provide relief from symptoms but not necessarily cure it. Complicated illness (D) refers to a condition that is complex in nature but does not imply a fatal outcome. Therefore, Terminal illness is the most appropriate term to describe an illness that will inevitably result in death.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of basic patient care, understanding the categories of surgery based on purpose is crucial for healthcare professionals. The correct answer, B) Ablative, is appropriate for the scenario of amputating a gangrenous foot in a diabetic patient. Ablative surgery involves the removal of diseased tissue to eliminate the pathology, which aligns with the purpose of amputating the foot affected by gangrene in this case. Option A) Diagnostic surgery is incorrect because it is performed to obtain information about the nature of a patient's condition, not to treat or remove diseased tissue. Option C) Palliative surgery aims to provide relief from symptoms or improve the quality of life, which is not the primary goal in this scenario. Option D) Reconstructive surgery involves restoring function or appearance, which is not the primary purpose when amputating a gangrenous foot. In an educational context, understanding the categories of surgery not only enhances clinical knowledge but also guides healthcare professionals in making appropriate treatment decisions. Knowing the purpose of each type of surgery helps in selecting the most suitable intervention for a patient's condition, thereby improving patient outcomes and quality of care. By grasping the distinctions between different types of surgery, healthcare providers can deliver precise and effective treatments tailored to each patient's needs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of postoperative care, the correct answer of performing effective coughing every 2 hours is crucial for several reasons. Effective coughing helps prevent secretion buildup in the lungs, which can lead to complications such as pneumonia. By coughing every 2 hours, the patient is able to clear their airways regularly, promoting optimal lung function. This frequency strikes a balance between ensuring secretion clearance and preventing excessive fatigue in the patient, as coughing too frequently can be tiring and may not be necessary. Option A, coughing every hour, may be too frequent and could lead to unnecessary exhaustion for the patient without providing additional benefits in secretion clearance. Option C, coughing every 4 hours, is too infrequent and increases the risk of secretion buildup in the lungs, potentially compromising respiratory function. Option D, coughing every shift, does not provide a specific time frame and leaves room for interpretation, which could result in irregular or inadequate secretion clearance. Educationally, it is important for healthcare providers to understand the rationale behind the frequency of postoperative coughing to optimize patient outcomes. Teaching the correct timing for performing this exercise ensures that patients receive consistent and effective care, reducing the risk of respiratory complications and promoting faster recovery. By emphasizing the balance between secretion clearance and patient fatigue, healthcare professionals can provide high-quality postoperative care that supports optimal patient recovery.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of basic care for a patient, teaching the family about advisable positions and controls when using a rented hospital bed is crucial for ensuring the safety and well-being of the patient. The correct answer, option D, focuses on patient positioning and the proper use of bed controls to prevent falls, promote comfort, and facilitate patient mobility. Option A, teaching how to apply bed linens, is important for maintaining cleanliness and preventing skin breakdown, but it is not directly related to ensuring the patient's safety when using the bed. Option B, proper maintenance of the bed, is essential for its longevity and functionality but does not address the immediate safety concerns of patient positioning. Option C, teaching how to move the patient in bed, is important for preventing pressure ulcers and assisting with repositioning, but it does not encompass the broader aspects of safe bed use and control functionality. Educationally, understanding the significance of teaching advisable positions and controls on a hospital bed aligns with promoting patient safety, preventing injuries, and enhancing the overall quality of care provided at home. By educating families on these aspects, nurses empower them to actively participate in the care of their loved ones and contribute to positive health outcomes. It is essential for caregivers to have a comprehensive understanding of how to properly position and control the bed to ensure the patient's comfort, safety, and well-being at all times.