A thin, transparent mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior surface of the eye is the?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent mucous membrane lining the inner eyelids and anterior eyeball, except the cornea. It secretes mucus and tears, lubricating the eye and protecting against debris and pathogens. Its transparency allows visibility of underlying vessels, and its immune cells surveil for infections like conjunctivitis. The sclera, the eye's white outer layer, is opaque and tough, supporting structure but not covering the eyelids or anterior surface flexibly. The choroid, a vascular layer between sclera and retina, nourishes the retina but lies deeper, not on the surface. The glabella, a forehead region above the nose, is unrelated to ocular anatomy. The conjunctiva's role extends beyond protection its goblet cells produce mucin, and its continuity with eyelid skin ensures a sealed barrier. Histological sections reveal its stratified epithelium, distinct from the sclera's collagen or choroid's vasculature. Ophthalmic literature underscores its protective and lubricating functions, critical for eye health, distinguishing it from other eye components.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sebaceous glands produce sebum, an oil lubricating skin and hair, secreted via hair follicles in the dermis. Sweat glands produce sweat for cooling. Ceruminous glands make earwax, not skin oil. Mammary glands secrete milk. Sebaceous glands' oily output, preventing dryness, per integumentary function, makes 'b' correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bone formation is termed osteogenesis (cell-driven bone creation) and ossification (matrix mineralization), interchangeable in anatomy e.g., intramembranous ossification forms flat bones. Osteolysis is bone breakdown. Both 'b' and 'c' are correct, reflecting developmental and remodeling processes, making 'd' the answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Twelve thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) articulate with ribs, forming the mid-spine's curvature. Seven is cervical, five is lumbar, three is miscount. Thoracic's rib connection, per vertebral count, makes 'b' correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The vertebral foramen, a central hole in each vertebra, contains the spinal cord, forming the spinal canal when stacked. Vertebral arch encloses it, spinous and transverse processes are projections, not containers. Foramen's role, per vertebra structure, makes 'c' correct.