A therapist is called to assist in resuscitation for a term neonate. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for managing hypoxia due to meconium aspiration?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the scenario of managing hypoxia due to meconium aspiration in a term neonate, the most appropriate action is to initiate positive pressure ventilation (Option B). This is because meconium aspiration can lead to airway obstruction and impaired gas exchange, necessitating effective ventilation to improve oxygenation. Administering surfactant immediately (Option A) may be indicated in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome but is not the primary intervention for meconium aspiration-related hypoxia. Performing chest compressions (Option C) is not indicated in the management of hypoxia due to meconium aspiration as it does not address the underlying cause. Providing supplemental oxygen (Option D) is not sufficient to manage hypoxia caused by meconium aspiration as effective ventilation is essential. Educationally, understanding the appropriate interventions for neonatal respiratory distress, such as meconium aspiration, is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. Recognizing the importance of prompt and targeted interventions can improve outcomes for neonates experiencing respiratory distress, making it essential knowledge for healthcare professionals working in obstetric and neonatal settings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of nursing interventions for pediatric respiratory distress, the primary benefit of surfactant therapy in treating respiratory distress syndrome in preterm neonates is reducing surface tension in the alveoli, which is option B. Surfactant is a substance naturally produced in the lungs that helps reduce surface tension in the alveoli, preventing their collapse during exhalation and promoting lung compliance. In preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, there is a deficiency of surfactant, leading to alveolar collapse and difficulty in breathing. By administering exogenous surfactant, healthcare providers can improve lung function by reducing surface tension, thereby preventing atelectasis and improving gas exchange. Option A, promoting lung growth, is not the primary benefit of surfactant therapy. While surfactant does support lung development by preventing alveolar collapse and promoting expansion, its primary function in this context is to reduce surface tension. Option C, improving oxygen uptake in the placenta, is incorrect as surfactant therapy directly impacts lung function and alveolar stability, not oxygen uptake in the placenta. Option D, decreasing blood pressure in the lungs, is also incorrect. Surfactant therapy primarily focuses on improving lung function and oxygenation by reducing surface tension in the alveoli, rather than directly affecting blood pressure in the lungs. Understanding the primary benefits and mechanisms of surfactant therapy in treating respiratory distress syndrome is crucial for nursing interventions in pediatric patients, especially preterm neonates, to provide effective and evidence-based care to improve respiratory outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the scenario of a neonate experiencing a moderate to severe hypoxic episode after birth, the first-line treatment should be positive pressure ventilation (Option A). This intervention is crucial as it helps deliver oxygen to the infant's lungs and tissues, improving oxygenation and addressing the underlying cause of respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation is preferred over other options for several reasons. Endotracheal intubation (Option B) may be necessary if positive pressure ventilation is ineffective, but it is more invasive and carries risks of complications, making it a secondary choice. Chest compressions (Option C) are only indicated in cases of cardiac arrest, not primarily for respiratory distress. Oxygen therapy (Option D) alone may not provide sufficient support in cases of severe respiratory distress where ventilation is compromised. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind the choice of positive pressure ventilation as the first-line treatment is essential for nurses caring for neonates in respiratory distress. It ensures timely and appropriate intervention to optimize outcomes and prevent further deterioration. Nurses must be competent in recognizing and managing respiratory distress in neonates to provide safe and effective care in critical situations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, therapeutic play is a powerful tool to help children cope with medical procedures, express emotions, and promote healing. For a 4-year-old, imaginative play is crucial for emotional and cognitive development. Dress-up clothes best promote imaginative play among the options provided. Here's why: 1. **Correct Answer (B - Dress-up clothes):** Dress-up clothes allow a child to role-play different characters, scenarios, and professions, fostering creativity and imagination. Through this type of play, a child can express feelings, explore social roles, and make sense of their experiences in a safe and enjoyable way. 2. **Why Others Are Wrong:** - **A) Large blocks:** While blocks are great for building and fine motor skills, they do not specifically promote imaginative play as effectively as dress-up clothes. - **C) Wooden puzzle:** Puzzles are beneficial for problem-solving and cognitive skills but do not offer the same imaginative play opportunities as dress-up clothes. - **D) Big wheels:** While riding toys like big wheels can be fun and promote physical activity, they do not directly support imaginative play or emotional expression like dress-up clothes. 3. **Educational Context:** Understanding the developmental needs of children is essential in pediatric nursing. By providing appropriate toys for therapeutic play, nurses can support children in coping with stress, anxiety, and medical procedures. Encouraging imaginative play through tools like dress-up clothes can enhance a child's emotional well-being and overall hospital experience.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) This is probably the only concern he has about his body. So don't worry about it or the time he spends on it. This remark would be least helpful as it dismisses the boy's feelings and concerns about his acne and grooming habits. It invalidates his experiences and could potentially hinder open communication. Option B) provides important context about how teenagers may be self-conscious about their appearance, fostering understanding and empathy. Option C) opens the door for the boy to express his feelings, promoting a supportive and therapeutic conversation. Option D) acknowledges the boy's efforts in skincare and invites him to share more about his routine, encouraging engagement and trust. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to approach adolescent patients with sensitivity and respect, acknowledging their concerns and feelings. By fostering open communication and showing empathy, nurses can build trust and rapport with young patients, leading to better health outcomes and patient satisfaction. It is important to validate the experiences of adolescents and create a safe space for discussion during healthcare interactions.