A teacher recommends that surveys to obtain data on drug use be given to high school students when they meet for various school organizations. Which of the following best describes why the nurse would reject this suggestion?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: This method of data collection would result in selection bias. The rationale for this is that by only surveying high school students who meet for various school organizations, the sample is not representative of the entire high school population. This can lead to skewed results and an inaccurate representation of drug use among all high school students. A: Classification bias refers to errors in the classification of study subjects. This is not applicable in this scenario. B: Confounding bias occurs when an extraneous variable is associated with both the exposure and the outcome. This is not relevant to the method of data collection proposed. C: Personal bias involves the researcher's own subjective beliefs influencing the study. This is not directly related to the method of data collection being discussed. In summary, choice D is the correct answer because using surveys only with students who are part of school organizations introduces selection bias, leading to an unrepresentative sample and potentially inaccurate results.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because endemic disease refers to the constant presence or usual prevalence of a disease in a specific geographic area. Choice A describes a consistent number of cases each week, which aligns with the definition of endemic disease. Choices B, C, and D all indicate fluctuations in the number of cases that do not reflect a stable endemic level. Choice B suggests a very low usual prevalence, choice C shows a sudden spike in cases, and choice D indicates a significant increase from the usual worldwide cases, none of which are characteristic of endemic disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because connecting poor sanitation with negative health outcomes is a key aspect of epidemiology, which focuses on understanding patterns of health and disease in populations. Florence Nightingale's work in highlighting the link between sanitation and health outcomes during the Crimean War revolutionized public health practices. Choice A is incorrect because dressing soldiers' infected wounds is more related to nursing care rather than epidemiology. Choice C is incorrect as developing training schools for nurses and midwives is related to nursing education, not epidemiology. Choice D is incorrect as changing linens and bathing clients are also more related to nursing care rather than epidemiology.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pathogenicity. In the epidemiological triad, the agent is one of the three components that contribute to the occurrence of disease. Pathogenicity refers to the ability of an agent to cause disease in a host. This factor is crucial in understanding how diseases are transmitted and spread. Susceptibility (Choice B) refers to the host's vulnerability to the agent, not the agent itself. Reservoirs (Choice C) pertain to where the agent lives and multiplies, not the agent's characteristics. Environmental changes (Choice D) may influence disease transmission but are not specific to the agent's role in the triad.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because sharing needles, syringes, or other equipment contaminated with blood is a known risk factor for hepatitis C transmission. By instructing individuals to avoid sharing such equipment, the nurse is addressing a direct route of transmission and promoting a key preventive measure. A is incorrect as it focuses on screening after potential exposure, not primary prevention. B is important for general hygiene but not specific to hepatitis C prevention. C is not directly related to preventing hepatitis C transmission through blood contact. In summary, choice D is the most effective primary prevention strategy for hepatitis C as it directly addresses a common mode of transmission.