A symptom of fluid overload is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Skin that appears tight, smooth, and shiny. Fluid overload leads to increased fluid accumulation in the body, resulting in edema. This excess fluid can cause the skin to appear tight, smooth, and shiny due to swelling. B: Weight loss is not a symptom of fluid overload, as it is typically associated with fluid deficit or dehydration. C: Increased urine output is a symptom of fluid excess, not fluid overload. In fluid overload, the body struggles to eliminate the excess fluid, leading to edema and decreased urine output. D: Decreased heart rate is not a direct symptom of fluid overload. In fact, fluid overload can strain the heart, leading to an increased heart rate as the heart works harder to pump the excess fluid.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: First-degree (superficial) burn. This type of burn affects only the epidermis, causing redness and pain. The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin, so a burn that affects only this layer is classified as a first-degree burn. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they describe burns that penetrate deeper layers of the skin. Second-degree burns (B) involve the epidermis and part of the dermis, causing blisters and more severe pain. Third-degree burns (C) damage all layers of the skin and may result in numbness due to nerve damage. Scalds (D) refer to burns caused by hot liquids or steam, but the severity of the burn depends on the depth of tissue damage, not just the cause.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because range of motion exercises help improve muscle tone, strength, and flexibility in patients with congestive heart failure. This can help prevent muscle wasting and improve overall physical function. Choice A is incorrect as high-sodium diet can worsen fluid retention and exacerbate heart failure symptoms. Choice B is incorrect as medications causing a decrease in urinary output can lead to fluid retention and worsen heart failure. Choice C is incorrect as forcing fluids can increase fluid overload in patients with heart failure, putting extra strain on the heart.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Elevate an extremity that is in a cast. Elevating the extremity helps reduce swelling and promote circulation. This is important for proper healing and preventing complications. Keeping the cast wet or damp (A) can lead to skin irritation and infection. Using a sharp object to remove items in the cast (B) can cause injury. Washing a cast with warm water and soap (D) can weaken the cast material and compromise its integrity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice A: 1. Scheduling bathing when the resident is least agitated promotes cooperation. 2. It reduces stress and resistance, making the bathing experience more pleasant. 3. It respects the resident's feelings and autonomy. 4. It ensures safety and quality care. Summary of incorrect choices: B: Rushing the resident through the bath can lead to agitation and resistance. C: Forcing the resident to bathe violates their autonomy and can cause distress.