A surgical intervention that can cause substantial remission of myasthenia gravis is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Thymectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the thymus gland. The thymus is a key component of the immune system and is believed to play a role in the development of myasthenia gravis (MG). In some cases, particularly in younger patients with early onset MG or with thymoma (a tumor of the thymus), thymectomy can lead to substantial remission of MG symptoms or even a cure. By removing the thymus gland, the abnormal immune response in MG may be reduced, resulting in improved muscle strength and decreased symptoms. It is worth noting that thymectomy is not always indicated for all patients with MG and should be considered on a case-by-case basis in consultation with a healthcare provider specialized in neuromuscular diseases.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Kawasaki disease is an inflammatory condition that primarily affects medium-sized blood vessels, including the coronary arteries. If not promptly and effectively treated, about 25% of untreated cases can lead to the development of coronary artery aneurysms. These aneurysms can increase the risk of serious complications such as myocardial infarction and sudden death. Therefore, it is crucial to closely monitor and manage the cardiovascular complications in patients with Kawasaki disease, particularly the risk of aneurysm formation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct response by the nurse is C. Newborn infants are born with low levels of vitamin K because they do not have enough of the gut bacteria necessary to produce it. Vitamin K plays a crucial role in blood clotting, and without enough of it, newborns are at risk of a bleeding disorder called vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). The vitamin K injection given to newborns helps prevent this disorder by providing them with the necessary vitamin K to ensure proper blood clotting. It is important for the mother to understand that this injection is essential for her infant's health and well-being to prevent complications related to vitamin K deficiency.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A febrile seizure is a convulsion in a young child triggered by a spike in body temperature, often from an infection. Febrile seizures typically occur early in the course of a high fever in children between the ages of 6 months to 5 years old. They are usually brief, lasting for less than five minutes. In about one-third of cases, febrile seizures may occur before the fever is noted by a caregiver. Therefore, the statement that febrile seizures usually occur late in the course of high fever is incorrect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pilocytic astrocytomas are generally low-grade and less responsive to chemotherapy compared to other listed tumors.