ATI RN
Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A sudden decrease in blood volume would be met by increases in epinephrine, antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) and angiotensin II. What EFFECT would the increase in these three hormones ALL HAVE IN COMMON?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: vasoconstriction and increased total peripheral resistance. Epinephrine, antidiuretic hormone, and angiotensin II all act to increase vasoconstriction, leading to an increase in total peripheral resistance. This response is crucial during a sudden decrease in blood volume to maintain blood pressure and ensure adequate perfusion to vital organs. Choice A (increased heart rate) is not correct because while epinephrine can increase heart rate, antidiuretic hormone and angiotensin II do not directly affect heart rate. Choice B (increased fluid retention and blood volume) is not correct because antidiuretic hormone and angiotensin II can increase fluid retention, but epinephrine does not have this effect. Choice C (increased PNS activity) is not correct because these hormones actually stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) leading to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure, not the parasympath
Question 2 of 5
A client with a GI disorder has to undergo a barium swallow test. Which of the following diet restrictions are required prior to the test?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: NPO for 8 to 12 hours before the test. This is necessary to ensure the client's stomach is empty, allowing for clear visualization of the GI tract during the barium swallow test. NPO for a longer duration helps prevent any interference from food or liquids. Choice B is incorrect because 6-8 hours might not be sufficient for complete emptying of the stomach. Choice C is incorrect as maintaining normal fluid intake may lead to residual fluids in the stomach, affecting test accuracy. Choice D is unrelated to the test and does not impact the visualization of the GI tract.
Question 3 of 5
When monitoring the food intake of a client with Crohn's disease, the nurse observes that the client does not eat most of the food serve The nurse learns that the client finds the food unappetizing. Which of the following steps should the nurse take to address this issue?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Request the dietitian to suggest more acceptable food. This step is appropriate because it involves seeking help from a professional who can provide tailored dietary recommendations based on the client's preferences and restrictions. The dietitian can work with the client to identify foods that are both appetizing and suitable for managing Crohn's disease. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Explaining the benefits of eating the prescribed food may not address the client's issue of finding the food unappetizing. C: Providing total parenteral nutrition and lipid infusions is an extreme measure and should only be considered when all other options have been exhausted. D: Providing elemental diet formula and 5-ASA medications may not address the client's immediate concern of finding the food unappetizing.
Question 4 of 5
A client with an ileostomy wants to know why to avoid fibrous vegetables. What should be the nurse's response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because fibrous vegetables can potentially cause stomal obstruction in clients with an ileostomy due to their indigestible nature, leading to blockages in the stoma. This can result in severe complications and require medical intervention. Gas formation (choice A) is a common issue with high-fiber foods but is not specific to fibrous vegetables. Fibrous vegetables are not necessarily difficult to digest (choice C) for most individuals, although they may be harder for those with reduced gut function. While fibrous vegetables may contribute to loose stools, they do not directly increase the risk of diarrhea (choice D) in the same way they can cause stomal obstruction.
Question 5 of 5
Using MyPlate as a guide, what changes could the nurse suggest to bring the man's diet more in line with nutrition recommendations?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increase fruits and vegetables. MyPlate recommends filling half of your plate with fruits and vegetables. By suggesting this change, the nurse can help the man consume more essential nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants. This will improve his overall diet quality. Decreasing protein intake (B) may lead to inadequate protein consumption, which is essential for muscle health. Increasing fat intake (C) may lead to excess calorie intake and weight gain. Increasing calorie intake (D) may not be necessary and could lead to weight gain if not balanced with physical activity.