A student nurse is trying to remember the five different types of communication disorders. They know that unspecified means that it does not fit into a specific DSM-5 diagnosis classification but cannot remember the possible causes. How can the instructor explain it?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because communication disorders labeled as unspecified can have various causes, including genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and physical conditions. Genetic factors play a role in some communication disorders, but they are not the sole cause. Traumatic brain injury, as mentioned in choice B, is a specific cause and not applicable to unspecified disorders. Choice C is incorrect as all disorders have underlying causes, even if they are not fully understood. Choice A is also incorrect as it oversimplifies the causes of unspecified communication disorders. In summary, choice D is the most comprehensive and accurate explanation as it considers the multifactorial nature of communication disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because showing respect that is not based on the client's behavior is essential in establishing a therapeutic relationship. This approach conveys unconditional positive regard, helping the client feel valued and accepted regardless of their current emotional state. Choice A of establishing a friendship may blur boundaries and hinder the professional therapeutic relationship. Choice B of using humor may not be appropriate for a client experiencing anger and depression. Choice D of sympathizing with the client's sad feelings may be seen as pity rather than genuine understanding, which can be counterproductive. Overall, choice C demonstrates empathy, understanding, and a non-judgmental attitude, which are crucial in building trust and rapport with the client.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Psychotherapy. Advanced practice psychiatric/mental health nurses have specialized training to provide psychotherapy, which involves conducting therapy sessions to address mental health issues. This intervention requires advanced knowledge and skills in assessing, diagnosing, and treating complex psychiatric conditions. Basic level registered nurses typically do not have the expertise or training to conduct psychotherapy. A: Coordination of care - Both basic level and advanced practice nurses can coordinate care for patients, although advanced practice nurses may take on a more comprehensive role in care coordination. B: Health teaching - Both basic level and advanced practice nurses can provide health teaching to patients about mental health conditions and treatment options. Advanced practice nurses may have a deeper understanding of mental health concepts. C: Milieu therapy - Both basic level and advanced practice nurses can participate in creating a therapeutic environment for patients. Advanced practice nurses may have a more significant role in developing and implementing milieu therapy strategies.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because hearing evil voices indicating potential psychosis or severe mental health issues requiring immediate attention. This statement suggests possible hallucinations and command hallucinations that pose a risk to the individual and others. It should be the priority focus for the plan of care. A: Trusting family is important but does not indicate immediate safety concern. B: Perception of bad luck may be relevant but not as urgent as potential hallucinations. C: Concern about betrayal is significant but does not pose an immediate risk compared to hearing evil voices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Severe anxiety. The person's symptoms indicate severe anxiety. Nausea, dizziness, tachycardia, and hyperventilation are all physical manifestations of severe anxiety. Additionally, the person's statement of feeling like something awful is going to happen, along with an inability to focus, also point towards severe anxiety. Mild anxiety typically wouldn't cause such intense physical symptoms. Moderate anxiety may cause some physical symptoms but not to the extent described in the scenario. Panic level of anxiety would usually involve more extreme symptoms such as a full-blown panic attack, which is not explicitly mentioned in the scenario.