A student nurse is preparing a presentation that requires identification of outcomes for the care of heart failure patients. Which is a correctly written outcome?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it specifies a measurable and achievable goal related to improving cardiac function through physical activities. It follows the SMART criteria (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound). Option B does not provide a specific outcome, while Option C focuses on pharmaceutical approaches rather than outcomes. Option D is unrelated to the goal of improving outcomes for heart failure patients. Thus, option A is the most appropriate choice for a well-defined and relevant outcome for the care of heart failure patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: case manager. A case manager is responsible for coordinating care for a patient from admission to discharge, collaborating with various healthcare providers. This role involves managing the patient's overall care plan, ensuring continuity and efficiency. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Nurse manager focuses on managing nursing staff and unit operations, not individual patient care. C: Coordinator of patient-centered care delivery may oversee care coordination but does not necessarily follow the patient throughout the entire care journey. D: Team leader in team nursing care delivery is focused on leading a specific nursing team, not managing the patient's entire care process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer A is correct: 1. Federal legislation such as the Affordable Care Act has expanded Medicaid coverage and provided subsidies for health insurance. 2. This legislation has helped reduce the number of minorities lacking health insurance. 3. Consequently, fewer minorities than members of the general population now lack health insurance. 4. Therefore, the statement that federal legislation has resulted in fewer minorities lacking health insurance is true. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B. This choice incorrectly attributes the lack of seeking health care by minorities solely to higher costs and lower wages, overlooking the impact of legislation. C. This choice makes a sweeping generalization about Mexican Americans without considering the broader context of health care access for minorities. D. This choice relies on stereotypes about Asians and does not take into account the complexities of the health care system and insurance coverage.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: beneficence. Beneficence refers to the ethical principle of maximizing benefits and minimizing harm in research. In this scenario, the researcher calculated the risk-to-benefit ratio and concluded that no harmful effects were associated with the survey of college sophomores. By considering the well-being of the research participants and ensuring that the benefits outweigh any potential risks, the researcher demonstrated the application of beneficence. Summary: Choice A is correct because it aligns with the ethical principle of beneficence in research. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the consideration of risks and benefits in research involving human participants.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because master's programs, like the one for clinical nurse leaders, indeed provide entry into practice with a focus on interdisciplinary and bedside nursing care for complex client populations. This choice stands out as it specifically addresses the advanced level of education and specialization required for handling complex cases. Choice A is incorrect because diploma programs typically focus on basic nursing skills rather than specialization in complex client populations. Choice B is incorrect as most practicing RNs nowadays graduate from associate's or bachelor's degree programs, not diploma programs. Choice C is incorrect because baccalaureate programs emphasize a broader education including leadership, research, and critical thinking skills rather than just technical and hands-on nursing skills.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: lobbyists. The nurses are acting as lobbyists by advocating for a specific cause (allowing RNs to sign death certificates) to the state representative. They are not policymakers (B) because they are not directly making decisions or creating policies. They are also not officials with regulatory power (C) as they are not in a position to enforce regulations. Lastly, they are not advocating for the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act (D) specifically in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: ask, "What will happen if I don't complete the task now?" This is the best approach as it helps prioritize tasks based on their urgency and importance. By considering the consequences of not completing a task immediately, the nurse can focus on critical tasks first to ensure patient safety and efficient workflow. Choice A is incorrect because completing all tasks as they are thought of without prioritizing can lead to neglecting important tasks and compromising patient care. Choice B is incorrect as procrastination is not a professional or effective way to manage tasks in a healthcare setting. Choice D is incorrect as viewing large projects holistically is important, but it doesn't address the immediate need to prioritize individual tasks.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because keeping the RN informed of any abnormal blood pressure readings is an essential part of the UAP's responsibility. This ensures that the RN is aware of any potential issues with the patients' health and can intervene if necessary. It is important for the UAP to communicate such vital information promptly to the RN, who has the clinical expertise to assess the situation and make appropriate decisions. Choice A is incorrect because the UAP should not delegate tasks to another UAP without prior authorization from the RN. Choice C is incorrect because calling the physician directly is beyond the scope of practice for a UAP. Choice D is incorrect because initiating a low-sodium diet for hypertensive patients is a clinical decision that should be made by the RN or physician, not the UAP.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because denying the older person with Alzheimer's disease the right to ambulate violates their autonomy by restricting their freedom to make choices about their own body and movement. Autonomy is the ethical principle that respects an individual's right to make decisions about their own health and well-being. In this situation, the person should have the autonomy to decide whether or not they want to ambulate, even if they have advanced Alzheimer's disease. Choice B is incorrect because the mentally competent adult has the right to refuse medical treatment based on their beliefs, which is an expression of autonomy. Choice C is incorrect because the mentally competent visitor has the right to refuse examination, which is also an expression of autonomy. Choice D is incorrect because the mentally competent adult has the right to refuse a local anesthetic, which is also an expression of autonomy.