ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A student learns about modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. Which factors does this include? (Select one that does not apply)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Age. Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease, meaning it cannot be changed or controlled. Hypertension, obesity, and smoking are modifiable risk factors as they can be managed through lifestyle changes or medical interventions. By controlling blood pressure, maintaining a healthy weight, and quitting smoking, individuals can reduce their risk of developing coronary artery disease. Age, however, is a natural process that cannot be altered. Therefore, focusing on managing modifiable risk factors is crucial in preventing coronary artery disease.
Question 2 of 5
A client is admitted with a pulmonary embolism (PE). The client is young, healthy, and active, and has no known risk factors for PE. What action by the nurse is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because teaching the client about factor V Leiden testing is important in this scenario. Factor V Leiden is a genetic mutation that increases the risk of blood clot formation, including pulmonary embolism. Since the client has no known risk factors for PE, testing for this specific genetic mutation can help identify an underlying cause. Encouraging walking (choice A) is generally beneficial but may not address the root cause. Referring for smoking cessation (choice B) is not relevant in this case. Explaining that sometimes no cause is found (choice D) is not proactive and may lead to missed opportunities for prevention.
Question 3 of 5
A client has a pulmonary embolism & is started on oxygen. The student nurse asks why the client's oxygen saturation has not significantly improved. What response by the nurse is best?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C Rationale: 1. A pulmonary embolism is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries, affecting blood flow to the lungs. 2. This blockage limits perfusion, the process of blood flow through the lungs for oxygenation. 3. Oxygen saturation may not improve significantly because the blood clot interferes with perfusion, not ventilation. 4. Options A and B focus on ventilation issues, which may not be the primary concern in this case. 5. Option D is extreme and not supported by the information given about the client's condition. Summary: Choice C is correct because a pulmonary embolism affects perfusion in the lungs, leading to decreased oxygen saturation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they focus on other issues not directly related to the client's condition.
Question 4 of 5
A client is on intravenous heparin to treat a pulmonary embolism. The client's most recent partial thromboplastin time (PTT) was 25 seconds. What action should the nurse anticipate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increase the heparin rate. A PTT of 25 seconds indicates that the client's blood is not adequately anticoagulated, as the therapeutic range for PTT is typically around 60-80 seconds for heparin therapy. Therefore, the nurse should anticipate increasing the heparin rate to achieve the desired anticoagulant effect and prevent further clot formation. Incorrect choices: A: Decreasing the heparin rate would further decrease the anticoagulant effect, potentially putting the client at risk for thrombus progression. C: No change to the heparin rate would not address the subtherapeutic PTT level and could lead to inadequate anticoagulation. D: Stopping heparin and starting warfarin is not appropriate at this time as warfarin takes time to reach therapeutic levels, whereas heparin provides immediate anticoagulation for acute situations like a pulmonary embolism.
Question 5 of 5
A client is hospitalized with a second episode of pulmonary embolism (PE). Recent genetic testing reveals the client has an alteration in the gene CYP2C19. What action by the nurse is best?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prepare preoperative teaching for an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter. In the context of a client with an alteration in the gene CYP2C19 and recurrent pulmonary embolism, the use of an IVC filter helps prevent blood clots from traveling to the lungs. This intervention is crucial in managing the risk of further pulmonary embolism. Teaching the client about the purpose, care, and potential complications of the IVC filter is essential for their understanding and cooperation in the treatment plan. Incorrect Choices: A: Instruct the client to eliminate all vitamin K from the diet. This choice is not relevant to the management of recurrent pulmonary embolism associated with a genetic alteration. C: Refer the client to a chronic illness support group. While support is important, it is not the immediate priority in this case of managing a recurrent PE. D: Teach the client to use a soft-bristled toothbrush. This recommendation is not directly