A student athlete receives a screening examination before being active in school sports. Which level of prevention is being used?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Screening, because it may result in early diagnosis and treatment, is secondary prevention. Primary prevention refers to interventions that occur before the disease develops. Tertiary prevention focuses on limitation of disability and the rehabilitation of those with irreversible disease. Health prevention is not considered to be a level of prevention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Epidemiology aims to understand the distribution and determinants of diseases in populations, with a primary goal of identifying causes (A) to inform prevention and control (D). Treatment (B) and drug development (C) are clinical or pharmaceutical goals, not epidemiology’s focus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Snow’s cholera study (A) mapped cases to describe distribution, identifying the Broad Street pump. Analytical (B) tests hypotheses, experimental (C) involves intervention, and clinical (D) focuses on patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rabies (C) is zoonotic, transmitted from animals (e.g., dogs) to humans. A, B, and D are primarily human diseases.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Epidemic (regional) vs. pandemic (global) differs by geographic spread (A) (e.g., flu vs. COVID-19). B, C, and D vary but aren’t defining.