A stage 1 pressure injury has skin that is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D - Red or a different color than the surrounding area. In a stage 1 pressure injury, the skin appears red due to localized blood flow changes. This indicates tissue damage without skin breakdown. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as stage 1 injuries do not involve nonintact skin, deep craters, or deep purple discoloration. Skin remains intact in stage 1 injuries, with no visible breaks or open wounds. Deep craters and deep purple color are indicative of more severe pressure injuries.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Neuron. Neurons are the basic working units of the nervous system as they transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the body. They are responsible for processing and transmitting information. The brain and spinal cord (choices A and B) are vital components of the nervous system, but neurons are the fundamental building blocks that make up these structures. Receptors (choice D) are specialized structures that detect stimuli and send signals to neurons. However, neurons are the primary cells involved in transmitting nerve impulses, making them the correct choice in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Validation therapy. This therapy is based on empathetic communication to validate the emotions and feelings of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who may have difficulty distinguishing past and present. By acknowledging and respecting their feelings, validation therapy helps individuals feel heard and understood, reducing distress and anxiety. A: Reality orientation focuses on helping individuals with AD stay oriented to the present time, place, and person. C: Reminiscence therapy involves recalling past events to promote cognitive function and emotional well-being. D: Remotivation therapy aims to restore motivation and engagement in activities through positive reinforcement.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Malignant. A malignant tumor is cancerous because it can invade nearby tissues, spread to other parts of the body, and can be life-threatening if not treated. Benign tumors (choice B) are non-cancerous and do not spread. Opportunistic (choice A) refers to infections that take advantage of weakened immune systems, not tumors. Ballistic (choice D) is unrelated to tumors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because not drinking fluids before surgery helps prevent vomiting and aspiration. This is crucial to reduce the risk of complications during surgery, such as aspiration pneumonia. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because drinking more fluids, incontinence risk, and surgery success rate are not valid reasons for restricting fluids before surgery. It is important to follow pre-operative guidelines to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient.