ATI RN
Pediatric Research Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A spica cast was put on Baby Betty after an unfortunate incident to immobilize her hips and thighs; which of the following is the priority nursing action immediately after application?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Performing neurovascular checks is the priority nursing action immediately after applying a spica cast on Baby Betty. A spica cast is used to immobilize the hips and thighs, which can affect circulation and nerve function in the lower extremities. Neurovascular checks involve assessing the circulation, sensation, and movement of the affected limb to ensure there are no signs of impaired circulation or nerve damage. It is crucial to monitor for any signs of compartment syndrome, such as pain, numbness, tingling, or decreased pulse, which could indicate a vascular compromise. Timely identification of any neurovascular compromise is essential to prevent complications and ensure the baby's safety and well-being.
Question 2 of 5
The procedure that has to be performed in order to shift thehigh pressure from the right ventricle to the left ventricle in Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Jatene procedure is a surgical technique used to correct Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA). In this procedure, the great arteries (aorta and pulmonary artery) are switched back to their correct positions. The aorta is connected to the left ventricle, and the pulmonary artery is connected to the right ventricle. This correction allows for oxygen-rich blood to flow from the left side of the heart to the body, and oxygen-poor blood to flow from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. The Jatene procedure is preferred over other methods like the Rashkind procedure, Rastelli procedure, or pulmonary artery banding for this specific purpose of correcting the high-pressure circulation seen in TGA.
Question 3 of 5
Obstruction of the airway in the patient with asthma is caused by all of the following except:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Obstruction of the airway in a patient with asthma is primarily caused by inflammation and narrowing of the airways due to a combination of factors such as thick mucus, swelling of bronchial membranes, and contraction of muscles surrounding the bronchi. Destruction of the alveolar wall is not a direct cause of airway obstruction in asthma patients; alveolar wall destruction is typically associated with conditions like emphysema. In asthma, the primary mechanisms contributing to airway obstruction are related to inflammation, mucus production, and bronchoconstriction.
Question 4 of 5
A one month old infant is admitted for confirmation of the diagnosis of ventricular septal defect. During the initial admission assessment, the nurse would expect to find:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a congenital heart defect where there is an abnormal opening between the two ventricles of the heart. One of the hallmark signs of VSD is the presence of a murmur, specifically a holosystolic murmur, which is typically heard best at the left sternal border due to the turbulent blood flow through the defect. This murmur is a key finding during the initial assessment of a patient with a suspected VSD. Other common symptoms of VSD include poor feeding, failure to thrive, tachypnea, and frequent respiratory infections.
Question 5 of 5
Chemotherapeutic agents such as methotrexate and cyclophosphamide are sometimes used to treat JRA. Why are these medications used?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chemotherapeutic agents like methotrexate and cyclophosphamide are used to treat Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) because they work by suppressing the immune system. In JRA, the immune system is overactive and attacks the body's own tissues, leading to inflammation and joint damage. By suppressing immune system activity, these medications can help reduce inflammation and prevent further joint damage in patients with JRA.