A Spanish-speaking family comes to the public health department. No one in the family speaks English, and nobody at the health department speaks Spanish. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Obtain an interpreter to translate. This is the best option because using an interpreter ensures accurate communication and understanding between the nurse and the Spanish-speaking family. This approach promotes effective healthcare delivery, respects the family's language and cultural needs, and upholds patient confidentiality. A: Attempting to use an English-Spanish phrase book may lead to miscommunication and misunderstandings. B: Calling the local hospital and arranging a referral is unnecessary and does not address the immediate communication barrier. C: Emphatically stating "No hablo Español" is unprofessional and does not address the need for effective communication.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Accommodation. The nurse is accommodating the religious and cultural needs of the Muslim patient by rearranging the room to ensure the bed faces Mecca for daily prayers. This action shows respect for the patient's beliefs and practices, promoting cultural sensitivity and inclusivity in care. Incorrect choices: B: Awareness - Though awareness is important in understanding the patient's needs, the nurse's actions go beyond mere awareness to actively accommodating the patient's religious practices. C: Brokering - Brokering involves facilitating communication or negotiation between parties, which is not the case in this scenario. D: Imposition - Imposition would involve forcing one's beliefs or practices onto the patient, which is not what the nurse is doing here. The nurse is respecting the patient's autonomy and accommodating their religious practices.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: A female from the client's community. In this situation, cultural sensitivity and comfort are crucial for effective communication. A female from the client's community would likely understand the patient's cultural background, language, and potential sensitivities better. This would facilitate better communication and trust-building, especially when discussing sensitive topics like pelvic or genital pain. A certified male medical interpreter (Choice A) might not fully understand the cultural nuances or may not be as sensitive to the patient's needs. A female who does not know the client (Choice C) may lack the cultural understanding necessary for effective communication. The client's daughter (Choice D) may not have the professional training required to interpret accurately and impartially in a healthcare setting.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it allows the nurse to gather information about the patient's cultural background without making assumptions. By asking open-ended questions such as those listed in choice A, the nurse can gain insight into the patient's beliefs, values, and customs. This approach fosters cultural competence and helps the nurse provide patient-centered care. Choice B is incorrect because it assumes the patient's cultural background is solely based on their family's origin. Choice C is also incorrect as not all individuals from a particular culture practice the same religion. Choice D is incorrect because it focuses on the patient's past residences rather than their current cultural beliefs and practices.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Notions of time. Understanding different cultural perceptions and attitudes towards time is crucial in effectively communicating and providing care to clients from diverse backgrounds. Time is a fundamental aspect of culture that influences daily routines, communication styles, and expectations. Other choices, such as clothing worn and traditional foods, are visible cultural elements that may vary across cultures but do not directly address the invisible aspects of culture like perceptions of time. By recognizing and respecting different notions of time, the nurse can enhance cultural competence and deliver more personalized and respectful care.