ATI RN
Pharmacology Across the Lifespan ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A skilled nursing facility patient with persistent dysphagia asks the attending nurse to crush a sustained release Theophylline tablet into his applesauce. What should be the most appropriate response?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Crushing this medication can cause severe toxicity like respiratory arrest. Explanation: Theophylline is a medication that is commonly used to treat respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is a sustained-release formulation designed to release the medication slowly over time to maintain therapeutic levels in the body. Crushing a sustained-release tablet can lead to the rapid release of a large dose of the medication, potentially causing toxicity, including respiratory arrest. Why others are wrong: A) Crushing this medication does not cause hypoglycemia but rather respiratory toxicity. B) Crushing this medication does not lead to acute kidney damage like end-stage renal disease (ESRD). C) Crushing this medication is not about ruining a snack but rather about the serious health consequences it can have. Educational context: It is crucial for healthcare professionals to understand the implications of altering medication formulations, especially when it comes to sustained-release formulations like Theophylline. Patients with dysphagia may request such alterations for ease of administration, but it is essential to educate them on the risks involved and explore alternative administration methods with their healthcare provider to ensure safety and efficacy of treatment.
Question 2 of 5
Anticholinergic effects like dry mouth and constipation are commonly observed with all of the following drug classes except
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) 2nd generation H1 antagonists because they are designed to have less affinity for the cholinergic receptors, thus reducing the likelihood of causing anticholinergic effects like dry mouth and constipation. 1st generation H1 antagonists (Option A) such as diphenhydramine commonly cause anticholinergic effects due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and affect central cholinergic receptors. Intranasal antihistamines (Option C) like azelastine can also lead to anticholinergic effects due to their systemic absorption. Gamma-3 muscarinic receptor agonists (Option D) would not cause anticholinergic effects as they are designed to activate muscarinic receptors, which is opposite to the mechanism of anticholinergic drugs. In an educational context, understanding the differences in drug classes and their potential side effects is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions when prescribing medications, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly where anticholinergic effects can have significant implications on health and quality of life.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following medications should not be taken by clients who are breastfeeding due to risks like peptic ulcer disease and intracranial bleeds?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Rivaroxaban. Rivaroxaban is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) that can increase the risk of bleeding, including intracranial bleeds. This medication is not recommended for breastfeeding mothers due to the potential harm it can cause to the infant through breast milk. A) Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication that is generally considered safe for use during breastfeeding as it has a low risk of adverse effects to the infant. B) Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin that is also considered safe for use during breastfeeding as it has minimal excretion into breast milk and is not expected to harm the infant. C) Dabigatran is another DOAC that, like rivaroxaban, carries a risk of bleeding complications. However, dabigatran is considered safer for use during breastfeeding compared to rivaroxaban. Educationally, it is important for healthcare providers to have a thorough understanding of medications that are safe for use during breastfeeding to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the infant. Knowledge of pharmacology across the lifespan is crucial in providing safe and effective care to patients in various stages of life, including breastfeeding mothers.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has been instructed to take one enteric-coated low-dose aspirin a day as part of therapy to prevent strokes. The nurse will provide which instruction when providing patient teaching about this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, option C is the correct answer. When educating a patient about taking enteric-coated low-dose aspirin to prevent strokes, instructing them to take the medication with 6 to 8 ounces of water and with food is crucial. Enteric-coated aspirin should be taken with food to help prevent gastrointestinal irritation and potential ulcers. Water helps with swallowing and ensures proper absorption of the medication. Option A is incorrect because low-dose aspirin therapy can indeed lead to problems with bleeding, especially in certain patient populations like those with a history of ulcers or bleeding disorders. Option B is incorrect as aspirin should not be taken on an empty stomach, especially enteric-coated aspirin. Option D is incorrect as crushing coated tablets can interfere with the intended slow release mechanism of the medication. Educationally, it is important to emphasize the rationale behind specific medication instructions to ensure patient compliance and safety. Providing detailed explanations about how to take medications correctly can help patients understand the importance of adherence to prescribed regimens for optimal therapeutic outcomes.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing administration instruction to the wife of a client going home on intermittent enteral nutrition. Which information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option D: "You may use plain tap water for scheduled tubing flushes." This answer is correct because using plain tap water for scheduled tubing flushes helps maintain patency and prevent clogging of the enteral feeding tube. It is a safe and appropriate practice recommended for this situation. Option A, "Clean the equipment between each feeding administration," is important, but it is not the most crucial information to include in this specific case. The primary focus should be on proper tube care and maintenance. Option B, "Once mixed, enteral feeding should hang no more than 8 hours," is incorrect for this question as it pertains more to the storage and administration of the enteral feeding itself, rather than the care of the tubing. Option C, "Refrigerate any feeding that is not needed for a feeding," is also incorrect as enteral feedings typically do not need to be refrigerated unless specifically indicated by the manufacturer. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to provide accurate and specific instructions to patients and their families regarding enteral nutrition care. Understanding the proper care and maintenance of enteral feeding tubes is crucial in preventing complications and ensuring the effectiveness of the therapy. It is important to emphasize evidence-based practices and safety measures to promote optimal patient outcomes.