ATI RN
ATI Intro to Pharmacology Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 9
A side e昀昀ect given o昀昀 by omeprazole is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor commonly used to reduce stomach acid production. One of the side effects of omeprazole is a change in stomach pH. By inhibiting the proton pumps in the stomach lining, omeprazole reduces the production of acid, leading to an increase in the pH level of the stomach. This change in stomach pH can affect the overall balance of acidity in the stomach and may result in various gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, gas, or changes in digestion. It is important for individuals taking omeprazole to be aware of this potential side effect and consult their healthcare provider if they experience any unusual symptoms.
Question 2 of 9
The nurse is managing the care of a group of patients with schizophrenia. The patients are receiving conventional antipsychotic medications. When assessing for anticholinergic side effects, which would the nurse immediately report to the physician?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Conventional antipsychotics like haloperidol have anticholinergic effects, including dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention. Urinary retention is a medical emergency if severe, risking bladder damage or infection, requiring immediate physician reporting. Acute dystonia is an extrapyramidal side effect, not anticholinergic, though urgent. Severe headache could indicate various issues but isn't a typical anticholinergic effect. Hypertension isn't directly linked to anticholinergic action (hypotension is more common). The nurse prioritizes urinary retention due to its potential for rapid complications, aligning with anticholinergic pharmacology, making choice D the most critical to report.
Question 3 of 9
The nurse administers atenolol (Tenormin) to a client with hypertension. Which finding would prompt the nurse to hold the dose and notify the physician?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atenolol, a beta-blocker, lowers blood pressure and heart rate by blocking sympathetic stimulation. A heart rate of 52 bpm is bradycardic (below 60 bpm), a threshold for holding beta-blockers due to risk of inadequate perfusion, especially in hypertension where cardiac output matters. Holding and notifying the physician prevents harm, allowing reassessment. BP of 130/80 is controlled, not urgent. Respiratory rate of 18 and temperature of 98.6°F are normal. Atenolol's selectivity for beta-1 receptors makes bradycardia a key adverse effect, requiring vigilance. This action aligns with nursing protocols for beta-blockers, prioritizing cardiovascular stability, making B the finding warranting immediate intervention.
Question 4 of 9
The nurse is preparing to transfuse a patient with a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). Which patient would be best treated with this transfusion?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) are typically transfused to patients with severe anemia, where the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is significantly reduced. PRBCs are concentrated units of red blood cells that can quickly increase the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity. Patients with severe anemia may experience symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin. Transfusion of PRBCs helps to improve oxygen delivery to tissues and organs, alleviating these symptoms and improving the patient's overall well-being.
Question 5 of 9
The student nurse has completed an initial pharmacology course and tells the nursing instructor that it was difficult and she is glad it is over. What is the best response by the nursing instructor?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacology's complexity means learning is ongoing-new drugs, research, and applications evolve, preventing full mastery and requiring continuous growth. Applying knowledge is true but assumes completion. Painful learning dismisses positivity. Graduate courses are premature. Gradual learning reflects the field's dynamic nature, preparing the student for lifelong education, a realistic and encouraging perspective.
Question 6 of 9
Clearance:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clearance (CL = rate of elimination / plasma concentration) is the amount of drug removed per unit time relative to concentration, a true statement defining its calculation. It's constant for first-order kinetics drugs at therapeutic levels, true. Lithium's clearance is moderate, not very high, handled by kidneys, so that's false. Phenytoin's clearance decreases with concentration (zero-order at high doses), not independent, making that false. Clearance isn't inversely proportional to Vd but related via half-life. This definition is essential for dosing regimens, ensuring steady-state maintenance.
Question 7 of 9
What is the therapeutic use of metformin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin is commonly used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. It works by helping to control blood sugar levels by decreasing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity in the muscles. Therefore, the therapeutic use of metformin is in the maintenance of a person's blood glucose levels. While metformin can sometimes be associated with minor effects like gastrointestinal disturbances, it is not used to increase heart rate or decrease gastrointestinal secretions.
Question 8 of 9
A 42-year-old woman with a 1-year history of rheumatoid arthritis comes to see her primary care physician complaining of worsening symptoms. She has been taking leflunomide. IL-1 and TNF-α are two key cytokines involved in the negative sequelae of rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following drugs is a recombinant form of an endogenous IL-1 antagonist?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: RA involves IL-1 and TNF-α driving inflammation. The question seeks a recombinant IL-1 antagonist. Abatacept inhibits T-cell costimulation, not IL-1. Anakinra , a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), blocks IL-1 signaling, matching the description. Methotrexate slows cell proliferation, not an IL-1 antagonist. Hydroxychloroquine modulates immunity differently. Rituximab (E) targets B cells. Anakinra mimics natural IL-1Ra, reducing joint damage in RA when leflunomide fails, directly countering IL-1's effects, unlike broader or unrelated mechanisms of other options.
Question 9 of 9
A history of which of the following is a contraindication to short-term HRT to prevent menopausal vasomotor symptoms and menopausal vaginitis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Short-term HRT (estrogen ± progestin) relieves menopausal symptoms. Depression isn't a contraindication; HRT may improve mood. Breast cancer is a absolute contraindication due to estrogen's proliferative risk, outweighing benefits. Hysterectomy allows estrogen-only HRT, bronchitis and eczema are unrelated. Breast cancer's link to estrogen drives this restriction, critical for safe hormone use.