ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice B Questions
Question 1 of 5
A severely immunocompromised female patient requires a blood transfusion. To prevent GVHD, the physician will order:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In order to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a severely immunocompromised patient receiving a blood transfusion, the physician will order irradiation of the donor blood. GVHD is a rare but serious complication that can occur when the donor's T lymphocytes attack the recipient's tissues. Irradiation of the blood eliminates the T lymphocytes, thereby reducing the risk of GVHD in immunocompromised patients. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl) and acetaminophen (Tylenol) are commonly used to manage transfusion reactions but do not specifically prevent GVHD. Administering the transfusion slowly over several hours does not directly address the risk of GVHD.
Question 2 of 5
A patient diagnosed with malignant melanoma, a skin cancer, is treated with interferon alfa-2a. The nurse teaches this patient about which side effect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Flulike syndrome, characterized by fever, chills, fatigue, and muscle aches, is a common side effect of interferon alfa-2a. This occurs because the drug stimulates the immune system, mimicking the body's response to a viral infection. While gastrointestinal symptoms may occur, they are less common than flulike syndrome. Interferon alfa-2a does not typically cause an increase in white or red blood cells. The nurse should educate the patient about managing flulike symptoms, such as using antipyretics and staying hydrated.
Question 3 of 5
A patient calls the clinic office saying that the cholestyramine (Questran) powder he started yesterday clumps and sticks to the glass when he tries to mix it. The nurse will suggest what method for mixing this medication for administration?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cholestyramine (Questran) is a bile acid sequestrant used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood. To prevent clumping and sticking to the glass when mixing the powder, the nurse will suggest mixing the powder with food or fruit, or at least 4 to 6 ounces of fluid. This method helps to evenly disperse the powder and prevent clumping, making it easier for the patient to consume the medication. Mixing the powder with a carbonated soda drink (choice A) may not be suitable as the effervescence of the soda could affect the medication's stability. Adding the powder to any liquid and stirring vigorously (choice B) may not dissolve the powder effectively. Taking the powder dry on a spoon followed by a glass of water (choice E) may be difficult for the patient to swallow and may not distribute the medication evenly. Mixing with food or fluid provides a more palatable and effective method for administering Questr
Question 4 of 5
What is the maximal response a drug can produce?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Efficacy refers to the maximal response a drug can produce, regardless of the dose. It is a measure of how well a drug can produce its desired effect. Potency, on the other hand, refers to the amount of drug required to produce a specific effect and is not related to the maximal response. An agonist is a drug that binds to and activates a receptor. Bioavailability is the fraction of the administered dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation.
Question 5 of 5
The physician prescribes fluticasone (Flonase) for the client. The nurse would hold the drug and contact the physician with which assessment finding?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fluticasone, Category C, requires caution in pregnancy , prompting physician consultation due to fetal risk uncertainty. Diabetes , glaucoma , and hypertension aren't immediate holds. B ensures safety, making it the key finding.