Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Generalized seizure. This type of seizure involves both hemispheres of the brain from the onset, leading to loss of consciousness and tonic-clonic jerking. It is characterized by widespread, synchronized electrical discharges. A: Focal seizures start in one area of the brain, leading to localized symptoms without loss of consciousness. B: Jacksonian seizures are a type of focal seizure characterized by a progression of jerking movements from one body part to another. D: Partial seizures involve only one part of the brain, leading to localized symptoms or altered consciousness without loss of awareness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the food pyramid suggests daily food choices based on the different food groups. It provides a visual guide on the proportions of each food group to consume for a balanced diet. It does not specify the exact number of servings (A), calculate calories (B), or divide food into four basic groups (D). The food pyramid is a tool to help individuals make healthier food choices by emphasizing variety and moderation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because respiratory rate is an observable and measurable data point, making it objective. Objective data is factual and observable, such as vital signs. Choices A, B, and D are subjective data as they rely on the patient's perception or interpretation, which can be influenced by various factors and may not always be accurate or reliable. In this case, the nurse can directly measure and document the patient's respiratory rate, making it an objective piece of information.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Impaired gas exchange related to alveolar-capillary membrane changes. This nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a patient with pneumonia and lower lobe infiltrates as it directly addresses the underlying physiological issue of impaired gas exchange due to alveolar-capillary membrane changes. The infiltrates indicate infection and inflammation in the lower lobes, leading to difficulty in oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. This diagnosis aligns with the patient's medical condition and helps guide nursing interventions focused on improving oxygenation. Choice A is incorrect because ineffective breathing pattern is a broad diagnosis that does not specifically address the gas exchange issue seen in pneumonia. Choice B is incorrect as the risk for infection is already present with the diagnosis of pneumonia and does not directly address the patient's current respiratory status. Choice C is incorrect as dehydration is not the primary concern in a patient with pneumonia and lower lobe infiltrates.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: once a month after menstruation. Performing BSE at this time helps ensure consistent examination when breasts are less tender or swollen, making it easier to detect abnormalities. Performing it once a month ensures regular monitoring for any changes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not provide the recommended frequency or timing for an effective BSE. BSE should be done monthly after menstruation to increase the chances of early detection of breast cancer.