A seizure characterized by loss of consciousness and tonic spasms of the trunk and extremities rapidly followed by repetitive generalized clonic jerking is classified as:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The description provided aligns with the characteristics of a generalized seizure. Generalized seizures involve abnormal electrical activity in the entire brain, leading to loss of consciousness and widespread motor symptoms, such as tonic (stiffening) and clonic (jerking) movements affecting both sides of the body. Examples of generalized seizures include tonic-clonic seizures (formerly known as grand mal seizures) where there is a sequence of tonic stiffness followed by clonic jerking. In contrast, focal (partial) seizures originate in a specific area of the brain and may result in localized symptoms before possibly spreading to involve both sides of the brain. Jacksonian seizures specifically refer to focal seizures with motor symptoms that spread in a stepwise fashion, starting from one part of the body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Turning the patient frequently every 2 hours helps relieve pressure on specific areas of the body, hence reducing the risk of developing decubitus ulcers. Prolonged pressure on the skin can lead to poor blood circulation and tissue damage, which can eventually progress into decubitus ulcers. By turning the patient regularly, the pressure is redistributed and different areas of the skin are relieved from constant stress. This simple measure is an effective way to prevent the occurrence of decubitus ulcers in patients on prolonged bed rest.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Statement B, "I will press the button whenever I feel pain," indicates that the client understands how to use the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). PCA systems are designed to allow patients to self-administer a predetermined dose of pain medication when needed. This statement demonstrates the client's comprehension that it is appropriate to use the PCA when pain is experienced, navigating the misunderstanding that pressing the button will always give more medicine (A), that it should be pressed on a scheduled basis regardless of pain (C), or that it will completely eliminate pain (D).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bacterial meningitis can lead to cerebral edema by causing an inflammatory response within the brain tissue. This inflammation can result in the buildup of fluid, leading to edema. Additionally, the inflammatory response can cause an increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier, allowing substances that are not normally able to cross the barrier to do so. This can lead to further disruption in the balance of fluid within the brain. Finally, the inflammatory response and the buildup of fluid can also result in raised intracranial pressure, which can further exacerbate the physiological changes occurring in the brain. Therefore, all of the above changes - cerebral edema, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, and raised intracranial pressure - can be seen in cases of bacterial meningitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.