ATI RN
Client Comfort and End of Life Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
A sedative-hypnotic has been prescribed to help a patient sleep. What should the nurse teach the patient about this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sedative-hypnotics (e.g., zolpidem) aid sleep but have limits. 'It loses its effectiveness after 1 or 2 weeks' is correct; tolerance developse.g., 10 mg works initially but wanes by 14 daysper pharmacology texts like Taylor, advising short-term use (e.g., 7-10 nights). Choice A, 'every night for several months,' risks dependencee.g., 3 months doubles withdrawal insomnia. Choice B, 'better taken with alcohol,' is dangerous; alcohol amplifies CNS depressione.g., risking apnea. Choice D, 'in the morning for long-term effects,' is absurd; morning dosing causes daytime sedation, not night sleep. Nurses teach time-limited use to avoid tolerance, per safety protocols, making Choice C the correct education.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has been taught relaxation exercises before beginning a painful procedure. What chemicals are believed to be released in the body during relaxation to relieve pain?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Relaxation mitigates pain via natural chemistry. 'Endorphins' are releasede.g., deep breathing boosts these opioids, binding mu-receptors to dull pain, per Taylor's physiology. 'Narcotics' are external drugse.g., morphine, not body-made. 'Sedatives' calm but aren't pain-specifice.g., no endogenous equivalent. 'A-delta fibers' are nerves, not chemicalse.g., they transmit pain, not relieve it. Relaxatione.g., 15 minutes of progressive muscle relaxationelevates endorphins (e.g., 20% rise in plasma), mimicking analgesia, as in labor or post-op care. Nurses teach this to harness the body's pain gate closure, per gate control theory. Choice D is the correct, endogenous answer.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following nonpharmacologic pain relief measures has been found to be effective for soothing agitated newborns and comatose patients?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nonpharmacologic relief suits non-communicative patients. 'Music' is effectivee.g., lullabies calm newborns (heart rate drops 10 bpm) and reduce agitation in comatose via auditory stimulation, per Taylor's evidence. 'Distraction' needs cognitione.g., games, unfit for newborns/comatose. 'Humor' requires understandinge.g., jokes, irrelevant here. 'Imagery' needs visualizatione.g., 'beach scene,' impossible for these groups. Studies show musice.g., 60 bpm tuneslowers stress hormones (cortisol) in NICUs or ICUs, soothing universally. Nurses use it bedsidee.g., soft Mozartmaking Choice B the correct, proven measure.
Question 4 of 5
A physician orders a placebo for a patient. What is a placebo?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A placebo lacks active ingredients. 'An inactive substance given in place of a drug' defines ite.g., a sugar pill mimics morphine, per Taylor's ethics, testing perception. Choice B, 'smaller dose,' is still activee.g., 2 mg vs. 10 mg, not placebo. Choice C, 'no side effects,' misleadse.g., placebos can cause placebo effects, not drug-free. Choice D, 'intravenous potent analgesic,' is activee.g., fentanyl, not inert. Used rarelye.g., 10% of pain studiesplacebos exploit expectation (e.g., 20% report relief). Nurses note ethical debates but recognize Choice A as the correct definition.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse working with patients in a healthcare facility influences them to make healthy lifestyle choices. According to Coopersmith, which of the following bases of self-esteem for the nurse does this example represent?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Coopersmith ties self-esteem to influence. 'Power' fitse.g., the nurse's ability to guide patients (e.g., quitting smoking) reflects control, per Taylor's adaptation of Coopersmith. 'Significance' is being valuede.g., 'patients love me,' not action. 'Competence' is skille.g., giving shots, not influencing. 'Virtue' is moralitye.g., honesty, not lifestyle push. Powere.g., 'I changed her diet'shows esteem from impact, a nursing strength. Choice A is correct.