A school nurse is developing a primary prevention strategy for school-aged children. Which of the following interventions would the nurse most likely implement?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because drafting policies for increases in noncompetitive physical activity programs is an example of primary prevention. This intervention focuses on implementing measures to prevent the occurrence of health problems before they develop. By promoting physical activity for all children, the nurse can help prevent various health issues including obesity and related complications. Option A is incorrect because it focuses on individualized exercise programs, which is more of a secondary prevention strategy aimed at managing existing health conditions. Option C is incorrect as monitoring BMI is more of a screening tool rather than a primary prevention strategy. Option D is also incorrect as notifying parents about height-weight norms does not directly address prevention at the population level.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C Rationale: 1. Evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) involves using interventions with replicable results based on high-quality research evidence. 2. By utilizing interventions with replicable results, healthcare providers can ensure consistency and effectiveness in patient care. 3. This process helps in making informed decisions that are based on scientific evidence rather than personal biases or experiences. 4. Choosing interventions with replicable results leads to better patient outcomes and improved quality of care. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Incorrect. EBDM is not a one-step process; it involves multiple steps including identifying a clinical question, searching for evidence, appraising the evidence, and applying it to practice. B: Incorrect. EBDM aims to minimize subjective decision-making by relying on objective research evidence rather than personal opinions. D: Incorrect. While past nursing experiences can inform decision-making, EBDM emphasizes the use of current research evidence to guide practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Case reports. Case reports are considered the lowest level of evidence because they are anecdotal and provide information based on individual cases, lacking generalizability. Cohort studies, randomized control trials, and cross-sectional studies provide more robust evidence due to their study designs, larger sample sizes, and ability to establish causal relationships. Cohort studies follow a group over time, RCTs involve randomization and control groups, and cross-sectional studies provide a snapshot of a population at a specific point. Case reports are valuable for generating hypotheses but are not sufficient to establish strong evidence due to their limitations in terms of bias and generalizability.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Synthesizing the literature. In evidence-based decision-making, after conducting a literature search, the nurse needs to synthesize the information by compiling research findings and identifying trends in the data. This step involves analyzing and integrating the evidence to draw meaningful conclusions. Defining the problem (choice B) is the initial step before conducting a literature search. Appraising the literature (choice D) comes after synthesizing the information, where the nurse evaluates the quality and relevance of the studies.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because obtaining informed consent from each participant in the study is an essential ethical practice in research. This ensures that participants are fully aware of the study's purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits before deciding to participate. It upholds the principles of autonomy, respect for individuals, and beneficence. Requiring all participants to provide informed consent promotes transparency and protects participants' rights. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the ethical principle of informed consent for all research participants, regardless of their vulnerability, the study's risks, or completion status.