A school nurse has a 10-year-old child with a history of epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures attending classes regularly. The school nurse should inform the teacher that if the child experiences a seizure in the classroom, the most important action to take during the seizure would be to:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place the hands or a folded blanket under the head of the child. This action is important during a seizure to prevent injury to the child's head. Placing hands or a blanket under the head helps protect the child's head from hitting the ground and reduces the risk of head trauma. It is a crucial step in ensuring the safety and well-being of the child during a seizure. Moving on to why the other choices are incorrect: A: Moving chairs or desks is not necessary during a seizure and may not be feasible in a classroom setting. B: Noting the sequence of movements with the time lapse is not as important as ensuring the child's safety during the seizure. C: Providing privacy to minimize frightening other children is not the priority during a seizure; the focus should be on the safety and well-being of the child experiencing the seizure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The school-age child with acute epiglottitis should be cared for first due to the potential for airway compromise and respiratory distress, as evidenced by drooling and absence of spontaneous cough. This is an emergency situation that requires immediate intervention to prevent airway obstruction and ensure adequate oxygenation. Choice A is not the priority as a pulse oximetry reading of 95% is adequate, and the child is already receiving oxygen. Choice B, the toddler with otitis media, can be managed with antipyretics and antibiotics for the ear infection but does not have an immediate life-threatening condition. Choice D, the adolescent with sickle cell disease and pain, should receive pain medication but does not have an acute airway emergency like the child with epiglottitis. It is crucial to prioritize care based on the urgency and potential severity of the condition to ensure the best outcomes for the patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Review the events leading up to each medication administration error. This strategy should be initiated first because it allows the committee to identify the root causes of the errors. By analyzing the events leading up to each error, the committee can pinpoint specific breakdowns in the medication administration process and implement targeted interventions to prevent future errors. This approach focuses on addressing the underlying issues that contribute to errors, leading to more effective and sustainable improvements in medication safety. Choice A is incorrect because providing an inservice on medication administration may be beneficial but does not address the specific causes of the errors. Choice B is also incorrect as simply requiring staff nurses to pass an examination may not address the systemic issues that contribute to errors. Choice D is incorrect as developing a quality improvement program for nurses involved in errors is reactive rather than proactive and may not prevent future errors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Independent variable. The independent variable is the one that the researcher manipulates or controls to observe its effect on the dependent variable. It is the cause in a cause-and-effect relationship. The dependent variable, on the other hand, is the outcome that is measured and affected by the independent variable. Control variables are factors that are held constant to prevent them from influencing the results. Moderating variables are factors that can influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, but they are not directly manipulated by the researcher in the study.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because analyzing pre-existing health records is an example of secondary data analysis, where researchers use data that was collected by someone else for a different purpose. This method is cost-effective and time-saving. Choice A involves collecting original data, not analyzing existing data. Choice C involves conducting primary data collection through interviews. Choice D involves conducting an experimental study, not analyzing existing data. In summary, B is correct as it aligns with the definition and characteristics of secondary data analysis, while the other choices involve primary data collection methods.