A school-age child is 4 hours postoperative following perforated appendicitis repair. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Administering antibiotics for 7 days is essential postoperatively to prevent infections and complications in a child who underwent perforated appendicitis repair. This helps in reducing the risk of secondary infections and promoting healing. Clear liquid diets, warm compresses, and prolonged fasting are not the primary interventions indicated in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the case of an infant undergoing hypospadias repair, the correct instruction for the parent to follow is to avoid giving the infant a tub bath for 1 week (Option B). This is crucial to prevent infection and ensure proper healing of the surgical site. Immersing the area in water too soon can increase the risk of introducing bacteria and causing complications. Applying a warm compress to the surgical site (Option A) is not recommended as it can disrupt the healing process and potentially introduce infection. Applying antibiotic ointment daily (Option C) without healthcare provider guidance can also lead to complications such as antibiotic resistance and skin irritation. Clamping the infant's catheter for 30 minutes every 4 hours (Option D) is not a standard post-hypospadias repair care practice. Catheter management should be as per healthcare provider instructions to prevent urinary retention and ensure proper drainage. In a pediatric nursing context, providing parents with accurate and clear discharge instructions is essential for the well-being of the child. Understanding and following post-operative care guidelines can significantly impact the infant's recovery and prevent complications, emphasizing the importance of proper education and communication between healthcare providers and parents.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the case of administering the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 15-month-old child, the correct answer is B) Currently taking antibiotics. This is a contraindication because live vaccines, such as the MMR vaccine, may have reduced effectiveness when administered concurrently with antibiotics. Antibiotics can interfere with the body's ability to mount a proper immune response to the vaccine, potentially reducing its efficacy. Option A) Family history of egg allergy is not a contraindication to the MMR vaccine. While the vaccine is grown in chick embryo cells and individuals with severe egg allergies should consult with their healthcare provider, most children with egg allergies can safely receive the MMR vaccine. Option C) History of asthma is also not a contraindication to the MMR vaccine. Asthma is not a contraindication for any routinely recommended vaccine. Option D) Presence of rhinorrhea, which is a runny nose, is not a contraindication to the MMR vaccine. Mild illnesses, like a runny nose, do not typically interfere with the administration of vaccines unless the child is significantly unwell. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to understand contraindications to vaccines to ensure safe and effective vaccination practices. Knowing the specific contraindications for each vaccine helps prevent adverse reactions and ensures that children receive the full benefit of immunization. It is also essential to stay updated on vaccine guidelines and recommendations to provide optimal care for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to give the medication with orange juice. Orange juice helps increase the absorption of iron from ferrous sulfate. This acidic environment aids in the absorption of iron, making it a suitable choice for administration. Mixing the medication with milk or an antacid may decrease iron absorption, and giving it with meals may not optimize its absorption as effectively as with orange juice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Position the infant upright after feedings. This instruction is crucial in managing gastroesophageal reflux in infants. By keeping the infant upright after feedings, gravity helps to keep the stomach contents down and reduces the likelihood of reflux. This position also aids in digestion and decreases the chances of regurgitation and aspiration. Option A) offering feedings every 2 hours can exacerbate reflux by overloading the stomach with too much food, leading to increased reflux episodes. Option C) feeding the infant thickened formula is not recommended as it can increase the risk of aspiration and does not address the underlying issue of reflux. Option D) placing the infant in a prone position after feedings is dangerous as it increases the risk of aspiration and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). In the educational context, it is important for nurses to provide evidence-based instructions to parents on how to manage gastroesophageal reflux in infants. By explaining the rationale behind positioning the infant upright after feedings, nurses empower parents to actively participate in their child's care and promote positive health outcomes.